美国文学期末复习资料(完美版)

1（美国文学期末复习资料(完美版)Imagism（意向主义）(1)ImagismcameintobeinginBritainandUSaround1910asareactiontothetraditionalEnglishpoetrytoexpressthesenseoffragmentationanddislocation.（2）TheImagists,withEzraPoundleadingtheway,holdthatthemosteffectivemeanstoexpressthesemomentaryimpressionsisthroughtheuseofonedominantimage.(3)Imagismischaracterizedbythefollowingthreepoeticprinciples:i)directtreatmentofsubjectmatter;ii)economyofexpression;iii)asregardsrhythm,tocomposeinthesequenceofthemusicalphrase,notinthesequenceofmetronome;iv)EzraPound’sInaStationoftheMetroisawell-knownimagistpoem.EzraPound(爱兹拉·庞德）Cathay(1915)《中国》avolumeofChinesetranslation.Heblue-penciledTheWasteLand《荒原》themostsignificantAmericanpoemofthetwentiethcentury.Cantos《诗章》，amodernepicPound’smajorworkofpoetry。HughSelwynMauberley《休·塞尔温·莫伯利》InaStationoftheMetro《在地铁站》Theapparitionofthesefacesinthecrowd;这几张脸在人群中幻景般闪现；Petalsonawet,blackbough.湿漉漉的黑树枝上花瓣数点。Appreciationandcomment:In“InaStationoftheMetro”PoundattemptstoproducetheemotionhefeltwhenhewalkeddownintoaParissubwaystationandsuddenlysawanumberoffacesinthedimlight.Tocapturetheemotion,Poundusestheimageofpetalsonawet,blackbough.Theimageof“petals”isjuxtaposedwithanotherimageof“wet,blackbough.”Theimageisnotdecoration:Itiscentraltothepoem’smeaning.Infact,itisthepoem’smeaning.EzraPound’smaincontributiontoAmericanliteratureEzrapoundisregarded,andrightly,asthefatherofmodernAmericanpoetry.ImpatientwiththefettersofEnglishtraditionalpoetics,heledtheexperimentinrevolutionizingpoetry.ItwashewhofirstdiscoveredT.S.Eliotandblue-penciledthelatter’sfamouspoem,TheWasteLand.ItwashewhohelpedWilliamButlerYeats,JamesJoyce,D.H.Lawrence,andWilliamcarolsWilliamsintheirliterarycareers.Andhesurvivedthemall,writingcontinuallyrightuptohisdeath.Pound’scontributiontothedevelopmentofmodernpoetryisverygreat.T.S.Eliot（T.S.艾略特）TheLoveSongofJ.AlfredPrufrock《杰·阿尔弗雷德·普鲁弗洛克的情歌》—started1915—isseenasamasterpieceoftheModernistmovement,Literaryterms:soliloquy(独白）interiormonologue(内心独白）dramaticmonologue（戏剧独白）motif（主旨，主题）epigraph（题词）2Soliloquyorinteriormonologue（独白或内心独白）:indrama,anextendedspeechdeliveredbyacharacteraloneonstage.Thecharacterrevealshisorherinnermostthoughtsandfeelingsdirectlytotheaudience,asifthinkingaloud.Dramaticmonologue（戏剧独白）:Akindofnarrativepoeminwhichonecharacterspeakstooneormorelistenerswhoserepliesarenotgiveninthepoem.Epigraph（主旨）:aquotationormottoatthebeginningofachapter,book,shortstory,orpoemthatmakessomepointaboutthework.Motif（题词）:Arecurringfeature(suchasaname,animage,oraphrase)inaworkofliterature.Amotifgenerallycontributesinsomewaytothethemeofashortstory,novel,poem,orplay.2）TheWasteLand《荒原》In1922,EliotpublishedTheWasteLand《荒原》inTheCriterion《标准》.WhichwasthoughtasthemostsignificantAmericanpoemofthe20thcenturyandhelpedtoestablishamoderntraditionofliteraturerichwithlearningandallusivethought.Thepoemissubdividedintofivesections:I.TheBrurialoftheDeadII.AGameofChessIII.TheFireSermonIV.DeathbywaterV.WhattheThunderSaid3)TheHollowMen《空心人》(1925)4)AshWednesday《圣灰星期三》(1927)5)FourQuartets《四个四重奏》（1943）:EliotregardedFourQuartetsashismasterpiece,anditistheworkthatledtohisbeingawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature(1948).Eliotalsomadesignificantcontributionstothefieldofliterarycriticism,stronglyinfluencingtheschoolofNewCriticismIn1920T.S.EliotpublishedhisTheSacredWood,《圣林》containinghisfamouscriticalessayTraditionandtheIndividualTalent,《传统与个人才能》StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening《雪夜林边小驻》TheRoadNotTaken《未选择的路》（诗歌及赏析见第9页）WallaceStevens（华莱士史蒂文斯）(1879–1955)wasanAmericanModernistpoetHewonthePulitzerPrizeforPoetryforhisCollectedPoemsin1955.WilliamCarlosWilliamswasanAmericanpoetcloselyassociatedwithmodernismandimagism.HewasalsoapediatricianandgeneralpractitionerofmedicinewithamedicaldegreefromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniaSchoolofMedicineRobertLeeFrost（罗伯特弗罗斯特）3HisworkfrequentlyemployedsettingsfromrurallifeinNewEnglandintheearlytwentiethcenturyFrostwashonoredfrequentlyduringhislifetime,receivingfourPulitzerPrizesforPoetryFrancisScottFitzgerald（F.S`·菲茨杰拉德）Thespokesmanofthe“roaring20s”“theJazzAge”美国梦的实践者“爵士乐时代的桂冠诗人”和“喧嚣的二十年代的代言人”In1920Fitzgerald’sfirstnovelThisSideofParadise《人间天堂》（1920）secondnovelentitledTheBeautifulandDamned《美丽的和可诅咒的》（1922）hisbestnovelTheGreatGatsby《了不起的盖茨比》（1925）thenovelTenderistheNight《夜色温柔》(1934).TheLastTycoon《最后的大亨》,anovelaboutHollywoodandthefilmindustry.Fitzgerald’sbooksofshortstoriesincludeFlappersandPhilosophers《时髦女和哲学家》(1921),TalesoftheJazzAge《爵士时代的故事》(1922),AlltheSadYoungMan《一代悲哀的年轻人》(1926)ErnestHemingway（厄内斯特海明威）Hiseconomicalandunderstatedstylehadastronginfluenceon20th-centuryfiction,wontheNobelPrizeinLiteraturein1954.HewasgenerallyregardedasspokesmanfortheLostGeneration.TheLostGeneration（迷惘的一代）1.TheLostGenerationisatermfirstusedbyGertrudeSteintodescribethepost-WorldWarIgenerationofAmericanwriters:menandwomenhauntedbyasenseofbetrayalandemptinessbroughtaboutbythedestructivenessofthewar.2.Fullofyouthfulidealism,theseindividualssoughtthemeaningoflife,drankexcessively,hadloveaffairsandcreatedsomeofthefinestAmericanliteraturetodate.3.Thethreebest-knownrepre