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英美概况(美国部分)简答题答案UNIT35.WhatweresomeofthecausesoftheAmericanRevolution?ExplaintheDeclarationofIndependence?Bytheearly1760s,the13Englishcolonies(殖民地)inNorthAmericahaddevelopedasimilarAmericanpatterninpolitics,economyandculturallifeandenjoyedthesamefrontier(开拓的)environment.TheEnglishpeopleandEuropeanshadbecomeAmericansandtheywerereadytoseparatethemselvesfromtheOldWorld.Inaddition,”Notaxationwithoutrepresantion”,manynewtaxesimposed(强迫)onNorthAmericancoloniesbytheBritishParliament(国会).In1773,agroupofpatriots(爱国者)respondedtotheteataxbystagingthe“BostonTeaParty”.InSeptember1774,theFirstContinentalCongress(第一次大陆会议)washeldinPhiladelphia(费城).OnApril19,1775,thefirstshotwasfiredwhen700Britishsoldierswenttocapture(占领,俘获)acolonialarmsdepot(仓库)inasmalltownofConcordnearBoston.TheDeclarationofIndependencewasmainlydraftedbyThomasJeffersonandadoptedbytheCongressonJuly41,776,whenthepeopleof13EnglishcoloniesinNorthAmericawerefightingfortheirfreedomandindependencefromtheBritishcolonialrule.Thedocumentdeclaredthatallmenwereequalandthattheywereentitledtohavesomeunalienablerightssuchaslife,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness.Italsoexplainedthephilosophyofgovernment:thepowersofgovernmentscamefromtheconsentofthegovernedandthepurposeofgovernmentsweretosecuretherightsmentionedabove.ThetheoryofpoliticsandtheguidingprinciplesoftheAmericanRevolutionmainlycamefromJohnLocke.UNIT41WhydidtheArticlesofConfederationfail?WasitnecessarytochangetheArticlesofConfederationandwriteanewconstitutionforthenewnationoftheUnitedStatesatthetime?TheArticlesofConfederation(联邦条款)failedbecausethestatesdidnotcooperatewiththeCongressorwitheachother.WhentheCongressneededmoneytopaythenationalarmyortopaydebtsowedtoFranceandothernations,somestatesrefusedtocontribute.TheCongresshadbeengivennoauthoritytoforceanystatetodoanything.Itcouldnottaxanycitizen.Onlythestateinwhichacitizenlivedcoulddothat.2.Whatisafederalsystem?Whataresomeofthemajordifferencesbetweenafederalsystemandaconfederation?TheConstitutionsetupafederalsystemwithastrongcentralgovernment.Afederalsystemisoneinwhichpowerissharedbetweenacentralauthorityanditsconstituentparts,withsomerightsreservedtoeach.TheConstitutionalsocalledfortheelectionofanationalleader,orpresident.ItprovidedthatfederallawswouldbemadeonlybyaCongressmadeupofrepresentativeselectedbythepeople.ItalsoprovidedforanationalcourtsystemheadedbyaSupremeCourt.