21《倒装句》倒装语序分为“全部倒装”和“部分倒装”。在全部倒装的句子中,整个谓语都放在主语的前面;在部分倒装的句子中,只是谓语中的一部分(如助动词、情态动词或系动词be等)放在主语前面,其余部分仍放在主语后面。下面将常见的倒装情况分述如下:一、由there,here或now等引起,谓语为come(或go)的句子,例如:Therecomesthebus!Theregoesthebell!注:如果主语为人称代词,仍用自然语序,例如:Therehecomes!Hereshecomes!二、由then引起,谓语为come(或follow)的句子,例如:Thencameanewdifficulty.ThenfollowedeightyearsoftheAnti-JapaneseWar.三、由here(或there)引导,谓语为be的句子,如:HereisChina’slargesttropicalforest.Herearesomepicture-books.注:如果主语为人称代词,仍用自然语序,如:Hereyouare./Hereitis.四、由so引起的,表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人(或物)的句子,如:“Wemuststartforthework-sitenow.”“Somustwe.”HehasbeentoBeijing,sohaveI.注:如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思,尽管so用开头,语序也不要倒装,如:--Itwascoldyesterday.–Soitwas!--TomorrowwillbeMonday.–Soitwill.五、由neither或nor引起的,表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人(或物)的句子,如:--Iwon’tdosuchathing.–Neither/NorwillI.Ifyouwon’tgo,neithershallI.六、在if引导的非真实条件句中,如有助动词had,should或were时,可以省略if,进行倒装,如:Shouldanyonecall,tellhimtowaitformehere.WereItenyearsyounger,Iwouldbeabletoclimbtothetopofthehill.七、在描写情景时,有时为了生动,可以把out,in,up,down,away等副词放在主语前,同时主谓倒装,如:Upflewtheredballoon.Followingtheroar,outrushedatigerfromamongthebushes.注:如果主语是一个人称代词,谓语仍放在后面,如:Awaytheywent./Downitflew.八、当as引导让步状语从句时,可以把表语提到前面来,采用“形容词(或副词、名词)+as+主语+谓语”这种形式,如:Oldasmyfatheris,hekeepsupwithhisEnglishstudy.Childasheis,heknowssomethingofelectricity.九、当always,often,well,manyatime等词放在句首时,后面常用倒装语序,如:Alwaysdidthesoldiergotohelpthevillagers.Oftendidwewarnthemnottodoso.注:上述所说的词不放在句首,不用倒装语序。十、only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时,其后面的主语部分要进行倒装,如:Onlyinthiswaycanyouhopetoimprovethesituationthere.OnlyafterhecamebackwasIabletoseehim.注:only修饰主语,仍用自然语序,如:OnlysocialismcansaveChina.十一、含有否定意义的副词、连词或短语构成的状语放在句首时,常用倒装语序。这些词和词组有:not,never,hardly,seldom,little,rarely,scarcely,notuntil,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,nosooner…than…,hardly…when…,scarcely…when等,例如:NevershallIforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.Notonlydidhereadthebook,butalsorememberedwhathehadread.注:上面所说的词和词组如果不在句首,句子不必用倒装语序。另外,notonly…butalso连接两个主语时,不用倒装,如:Notonlythestudents,butalsotheteacherwishesforaholiday.十二、当so(或such)…that…结构中的so或such用于句首时,要采取倒装语序,如:Soloudlydidhespeakthathewasheardupstairs.Suchwastheforceoftheexplosionthatallthewindowswerebroken.注:such和be连用作表语时,也常用倒装语序,如:Suchwastheresult.Suchwereherwords.十三、在下列结构中也常用倒装语序:Onahillinfrontofthemstoodagreatcastle.Onthebedlayasickoldman.UnderthetreewassittingoneofthebiggestmenIhaveeverseen.Seatedonthegroundareagroupofyoungmenplayingcards.Lyingonthefloorwasaboyagedaboutseventeen.