高中英语被动语态课件 larry

宜良二中实习教师：Niki语态(voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（ActiveVoice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（PassiveVoice）。Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.昨天教室被我们打扫了。一、被动语态的定义：动词的被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来的主语变成了介词by的宾语。主动句与被动句的结构虽然不同，但动作的执行者和承受者的关系并没有改变。二、被动语态的一般结构：即：be+done(+by)在被动句中有时用by-词组，有时不用。一般来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚重要或难以说出时，通常不用by。但有时为了强调动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要则必须使用by词组。例如：HamletwaswrittenbyShakespeare.《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚写的。Thetaskhasbeenfinished.任务已经完成了。结构：be+done(+by)一般现在时：am/is/aredone一般过去时：was/weredone现在进行时：am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时：was/werebeingdone现在完成时：have/hasbeendone过去完成时：hadbeendone一般将来时：shall/willbedone;begoingtobedone当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为can/must/haveto…bedoneHeisregardedasabrilliant.他被认为很有才气。Thisbookwaswrittenin1969.这本书是1969年写成的。Thebrokenbikeisbeingrepairednow.那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。Hetoldusthecatwasbeingwashedwhenwecalledhim.他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。Thepenhasbeenusedforseveralyears.这支钢笔已经用了几年。Hesaidthefactoryhadbeenopened.他说这家工厂已经开张。Theworkwillbefinishedinthreehours.工作将于三小时后完成。Thebabymustbelookedafterwell.这孩子必须被好好照顾。三、各种时态的被动语态：PeoplespeakEnglishalmostallovertheworld.世界各地都有人讲英语。Englishisspokenalmostallovertheworld.1．含有单宾语的句子转换：四、主动变被动中的几个问题：Peoplebelievethatheisanhonestboy.大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。Itisbelievedthatheisanhonestboy.Theboyisbelievedtobeanhonestone.方法1)把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。方法2)用先行的it作形式主语，把宾语从句变成后置的主语从句；另：当主动句的宾语是that引导的宾语从句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。练习：Weallthinkthatwecouldwinthegame.wearethoughttowinthegame.Itisthoughtthatwecouldwinthegame.2.含有双宾语的主动句的转换IgavethebooktoMr.Smithyesterday.昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。ThebookwasgiventoMr.Smithyesterday(byme).Mr.Smithwasgivenabookyesterday(byme).3.含有动词短语的句子转换。Theyhaveneverlistenedtohim.人家从不听他的话。Hehasneverbeenlistenedto.练习：Theytakegoodcareofthebaby.Thebabyistakengoodcareofbythem.注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。Hemademedothework.Iwasmadetodotheworkbyhim.4.主动句中动词不带to,但在被动句中带to的几种情况：练习：weheardhimsaygood-byetohisfriends.Hewasheardtosaygood-byetohisfriends.注意：Make,feel,let,hear,see,watch等词在主动句中动词不带to,但在被动句中要带to五、主动形式也可以表示被动意义的几种情况：1、主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的动词。常见的这类动词有write,read,wear,wash,clean,sell,run等。这些动词常与副词连用。例如：Themachinerunswell.Thispenwritesquitesmoothly.Thiskindofbooksellswell.2、表示主语状态特征的连系动词：look,feel,smell,taste,sound,prove,appear等。例如：—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,it________verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfeltCYourideasoundsreasonable.Whathesaidprovedtobecorrect.3.beworth后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。Hissuggestionisnotworthconsidering.高考直击：1.Anexhibitionofpaintings____atthemuseumnextweek．A．aretobeheldB.istobeheldC.areholdingD．willhold2.Everypossiblemeans____,butnone____successful．(2000年上海春招题）A.hastried;hasprovedB．tried;provesC.hasbeentried;provesD.isbeingtried;isproved3.Thequestionheaskedishard____．A.foranswerB.toanswerC.tobeansweredD.answeringBCB4．Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium____inBeijing.(2003年上海春招题)A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompleteD.hadbeencompleted5．Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool＿＿＿abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.(2005年上海高考题)A.sentB.weresentC.hadsentD.hadbeensentDB6.－－Whydidyouleavethatposition?－－I＿＿abetterpositionatIBM.(2005年北京高考题)A.offerB.offeredC.amofferedD.wasoffered7.Morepatients＿＿inhospitalthisyearthanlastyear.(2004年江苏高考题)A.treatedB.havetreatedC.hadbeentreatedD.havebeentreated8.Sarah,hurryup.I’mafraidyouwouldn’thavetimeto＿＿beforetheparty.(2004年全国高考卷)A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochangeDDA9.Rainforests＿＿andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthefuture.(2002年上海春招题)A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut10.Afterafirebrokeoutinthelab,alotofequipment＿＿.(2005年北京春招题)A.isdamagedB.hadbeendamagedC.damagedD.wasdamagedCB11.ThemayorofBeijingsaysthatallconstructionworkfortheBeijingOlympics＿＿by2006.(2004年北京卷)A.hasbeencompletedB.hascompletedC.willhavebeencompletedD.willhavecompleted12.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho______forthespoiledchild.(2002年上海高考题)A.istoblameB.isdoingtoblameC.istobeblameD.shouldblame13.Greatchanges______inthecity,andalotoffactories______.（2003NMET)A.havebeentakenplace…havebeensetupB.havetakenplace…havebeensetupC.havetakenplace…havesetupD.weretakenplace…weresetupCAB14.——Doyoulikethematerial?——Yes,it______verysoft.(NMET)A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt15.TheOlympicGames,____in776BC,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.(NMET)A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplayingCCHomework：welcometoourschool.I`dliketointroduceyoutheplansforourschool.Alotofwork___(do)inthepastfewyears.Thelibrary____(complete)andisreadyforuse.Butwestillhavetodomorework.Anewbiologylab___(build)thisyear.Butwedonothaveenoughmoneyfortheequipment.Studentsinallgrades____(collect)money.Aparty____(plan)fortheendofthisterm.Themoneywhichiscollected_____(spend)onnewequipment.Atpresent,plans____(make)forapartyattheendofthesummerterm.thegardensoftheschool___(improve)thisyear.Newtrees___(plant)whichwillsoongiveshadeinSummer.Thewholeschool_____(paint)duringtheholidays.Infact,shewillbemorebeautifulandgoodforustostudy.hasbeendonehasbeencompletedIsbeingbuiltarecollectingIsbeingpla