ORGANIZATIONALPROCESSPERFORMANCE组织过程性能AProcessManagementProcessAreaatMaturityLevel4成熟度4级的过程管理类过程域Purpose目的ThepurposeofOrganizationalProcessPerformance(OPP)istoestablishandmaintainaquantitativeunderstandingoftheperformanceofselectedprocessesintheorganization’ssetofstandardprocessesinsupportofachievingqualityandprocessperformanceobjectives,andtoprovideprocessperformancedata,baselines,andmodelstoquantitativelymanagetheorganization’sprojects.组织过程性能(OPP)的目的在于建立并维护对组织标准过程集中已选定的过程的量化了解,以支持达成质量与过程性能目标,并提供过程性能数据、基线及模式,来量化管理组织的项目。IntroductoryNotes简介TheOrganizationalProcessPerformanceprocessareainvolvesthefollowingactivities:组织过程性能过程域涉及以下活动:•Establishingorganizationalquantitativequalityandprocessperformanceobjectivesbasedonbusinessobjectives(Seethedefinitionof“qualityandprocessperformanceobjectives”intheglossary.)基于业务目标,建立组织级定量的质量和过程性能目标(参考在术语表关于“质量与过程性能目标”的定义。)•Selectingprocessesorsubprocessesforprocessperformanceanalyses选择用于过程性能分析的过程或子过程•Establishingdefinitionsofthemeasurestobeusedinprocessperformanceanalyses(Seethedefinitionof“processperformance”intheglossary.)建立可用于过程性能分析的度量项定义(参考在术语表关于“过程性能”的定义)•Establishingprocessperformancebaselinesandprocessperformancemodels(Seethedefinitionsof“processperformancebaselines”and“processperformancemodels”intheglossary.)建立过程性能基线和过程性能模型(参考在术语表关于“过程性能基线”和“过程性能模型”的定义)Thecollectionandanalysisofthedataandcreationoftheprocessperformancebaselinesandmodelscanbeperformedatdifferentlevelsoftheorganization,includingindividualprojectsorgroupsofrelatedprojectsasappropriatebasedontheneedsoftheprojectsandorganization.数据的收集和分析以及建立过程性能基线和模型的活动,可以在组织的不同层次进行,包括单个项目或者根据项目和组织的需要建立的相关联的项目群都认为是合适的。Thecommonmeasuresfortheorganizationconsistofprocessandproductmeasuresthatcanbeusedtocharacterizetheactualperformanceofprocessesintheorganization’sindividualprojects.Byanalyzingtheresultingmeasurements,adistributionorrangeofresultscanbeestablishedthatcharacterizetheexpectedperformanceoftheprocesswhenusedonanindividualproject.组织的公共度量由过程及产品度量项构成,可用于描述织内的单个项目的实际过程性能。通过分析度量的结果,可以建立结果的分布或范围,当用于单个项目时,他们描述期望的过程性能特征。Measuringqualityandprocessperformancecaninvolvecombiningexistingmeasuresintoadditionalderivedmeasurestoprovidemoreinsightintooverallefficiencyandeffectivenessataprojectororganizationlevel.Theanalysisattheorganizationlevelcanbeusedtostudyproductivity,improveefficiencies,andincreasethroughputacrossprojectsintheorganization.质量与过程性能度量可以将现有的的度量项组合成为另外的衍生度量,在项目或组织层面提供全面的效率和效果方面的更深入的理解。组织层面的分析能被用来研究组织中项目的生产力,提升效率,并且增加组织中各项目的生产能力。Theexpectedprocessperformancecanbeusedinestablishingtheproject’squalityandprocessperformanceobjectivesandcanbeusedasabaselineagainstwhichactualprojectperformancecanbecompared.Thisinformationisusedtoquantitativelymanagetheproject.Eachquantitativelymanagedproject,inturn,providesactualperformanceresultsthatbecomeapartoforganizationalprocessassetsthataremadeavailabletoallprojects.预期过程性能可用来设定项目的质量及过程性能目标,亦可作为与实际项目性能比较的基线。这些信息用来以量化方式管理项目。反过来,每个已量化管理的项目所提供实际的性能结果,将成为组织过程资产的一部分,这些数据对所有项目是可用的。Processperformancemodelsareusedtorepresentpastandcurrentprocessperformanceandtopredictfutureresultsoftheprocess.Forexample,thelatentdefectsinthedeliveredproductcanbepredictedusingmeasurementsofworkproductattributessuchascomplexityandprocessattributessuchaspreparationtimeforpeerreviews.过程性能模型用于展现过去及目前的过程性能,并用来预测过程的未来的结果。例如,在预测交付产品中潜在的缺陷时,可以通过使用诸如复杂度这样的工作产品属性以及诸如同行评审准备时间这样的过程属性来进行预测。Whentheorganizationhassufficientmeasures,data,andanalyticaltechniquesforcriticalprocess,product,andservicecharacteristics,itisabletodothefollowing:当组织对各项关键过程、产品及服务特性有足够的度量项、数据及分析技术时,就可以开展下列工作:•Determinewhetherprocessesarebehavingconsistentlyorhavestabletrends(i.e.,arepredictable)确定过程的表现是否具备一致性或有稳定的趋势(如,是可预测的)•Identifyprocessesinwhichperformanceiswithinnaturalboundsthatareconsistentacrossprojectsandcouldpotentiallybeaggregated识别性能在自然边界内的过程,此自然边界在项目间是一致的,并且有可能进行聚合•Identifyprocessesthatshowunusual(e.g.,sporadic,unpredictable)behavior识别表现出异常行为的过程(例如,偶发的、不可预测的)•Identifyaspectsofprocessesthatcanbeimprovedintheorganization’ssetofstandardprocesses识别组织标准过程集中可进行的改进•Identifytheimplementationofaprocessthatperformsbest识别最佳的过程Thisprocessareainterfaceswithandsupportstheimplementationofotherhighmaturityprocessareas.Theassetsestablishedandmaintainedaspartofimplementingthisprocessarea(e.g.,themeasurestobeusedtocharacterizesubprocessbehavior,processperformancebaselines,processperformancemodels)areinputstothequantitativeprojectmanagement,causalanalysisandresolution,andorganizationalperformancemanagementprocessesinsupportoftheanalysesdescribedthere.Quantitativeprojectmanagementprocessesprovidethequalityandprocessperformancedataneededtomaintaintheassetsdescribedinthisprocessarea.本过程域与其他高成熟度过程域相互作用,并支持它们的实施。作为实施此过程域的已建立和维护资产的一部分(如:被用来描述子过程的行为的度量项,过程性能基线及过程性能模型)都是定量项目管理、原因分析与解决和组织性能管理过程的输入,支持在那些过程域中描述的分析。定量项目管理过程提供了维护本过程域中描述的资产所需的质量与过程性能数据。RelatedProcessAreas相关过程域RefertotheMeasurementandAnalysisprocessareaformoreinformationaboutspecifyingmeasures,obtainingmeasurementdata,andanalyzingmeasurementdata.关于如何指定度量项,获得度量数据以及分析度量数据的更多信息,请参考度量与分析过程域。RefertotheOrganizat