状语从句

TheAdverbialClause状语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。状语从句在复合句中充当状语的句子就叫做状语从句。状语从句修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词、以及整个句子。状语从句本身的意思可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较状语从句等。状语从句在主句前,一般用逗号与主句分开；状语从句在主句之后，一般不用逗号。由从属连词if、unless引导的条件状语从句由从属连词when、after、before、since、till,until……(not)、while、assoonas、as引等导的时间状语从句由从属连词because、as、since、和nowthat引导的原因状语从句由从属连词though、although引导的让步状语从句由从属连词so……that引等导的结果状语从句由从属连词that,sothat,inorderthat引导的目的状语从句由从属连词than、the……the……、as……as,notso(as)……as引导的比较状语从句由从属连词where、wherever引导的地点状语从句一.(1)iftheAdverbialClauseofCondition1.如果明天不下雨，我们就去郊游。Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,we’llgoforanouting.2.如果你不快点，就要迟到了。Ifyoudon’thurry,youwillbelate.3.如果他来的话，请通知我。Pleasetellmeifhecomes.4.动动脑筋，你会想出一个更好的办法。Youwillfindabetterwayifyouuseyourhead.5.如果我们现在不停止浪费水，我们就会没有水来喝用。Wewillhavenowatertodrinkoruseifwedon’tstopwastingitnow.注：条件状语从句，如果主句是将来时，if引导的从句用一般现在时。TheAdverbialClauseofCondition由从属连词unless引导的条件状语从句条件状语从句主要由if,unless引导；然而unless引导的条件从句，在大多数情况下是含有否定意思，相当于if…not。(2)unless:除非；如果不e.g.Thebabywillnevercryunlessheishungry.除非那婴儿饿了，不然他绝不会哭。Youwillnotpasstheexaminationunlessyoustudyhard.除非你努力用功，不然你不会通过考试。1.除非有一个好的名字和有趣部分,报子就不会成功.Anewspaperwon’tbeasuccessunlessithasagoodnameandinterestingsections.=Anewspaperwon’tbeasuccessifithasnotagoodnameandinterestingsections.2.如果你不改写这篇文章，我们就不能将这篇文章刊登在我们的校刊上。Wewon’tpublishyourarticleinourschoolnewspaperunlessyourewriteit.=Wewon’tpublishitinourschoolnewspaperifyoudonotrewritethisarticle.TheAdverbialClauseofTime由从属连词when引导的时间状语从句二.(1)when把下列两个句子用连词when合并成一句1.Hewasreadingabook.Theteachercamein.Whenhewasreadingabook,theteachercamein.2.Youwillgetasurprise.Youwillopenthedoor.Whenyouopenthedoor,youwillgetasurprise.3.I’lltellhimthenews.Hewillcomeback.I’lltellhimthenewswhenhecomesback.4.Youare25yearsold.Whatwillyoubelike?Whatwillyoubelikewhenyouare25yearsold？5.Iwascooking.Someoneknockedatthedoor.Iwascookingwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.6.Wegottothecinema.Thefilmbegan.Whenwegottothecinema,thefilmhadalreadybegun.注：When引导的时间状语从句，主句是将来时，从句用一般现在时TheAdverbialClauseofTime(2)while当……时候(=duringthetimethat)e.g.1.当我妈妈做饭时，我在看电视。IwaswatchingTVwhilemymotherwascooking.2.当我念书时,我睡着了。WhileIwasreading,Ifellasleep.3.当你吃饭时，你要好好的考虑一下。You’llthinkitoverwhileyouarehavingyourlunch.TheAdverbialClauseofTime(3)as当……时候;（随着;）e.g.1.随着春回大地，白花开始绽放。Asspringwarmsthegoodearth,allflowersbegintobloom.2.当我出门时,开始下雨了。AsIwasgoingout,itbegantorain.Becarefulas,when,while虽都表示时间，但是有区别as多用于口语，强调“同一时间”或“一先一后”。when则强调“特定时间”；也可表示“同一时间”或“一先一后”。while只能表示“一段时间”。1.他一边工作，一边唱歌。Hesangasheworked.(=when)2.当他们在谈话的时候，开始下雨了。Astheyweretalking,therainbegan.(while)3.当我对你们讲话时，请肃静。PleasebequietwhileIamtalkingtoyou.=PleasebequietwhenIamtalkingtoyou.4.当他是个小孩时，住在香港。When(hewas)achild,helivedinHongkong.=While(hewas)achild,helivedinHongkong.=As(hewas)achild,helivedinHongkong.5.Weadvanceinexperienceasweadvanceinyears.TheAdverbialClauseofTime由从属连词after引导的时间状语从句(4)after完成下列句子1.YesterdayIwenttobed_____________________________(在我做完功课后。)2.Theywillwritetous________________________(他们到纽约后）3._____________________________(Danny在去健身训练营后，)hebecamefitandstrong.afterIfinishedmyhomework.aftertheyarriveinNewYork.AfterDannywenttoafitnesscamp,注：after引导的时间状语从句，主句是将来时，从句用一般现在时用after连句4.Ifinishedmyhomework.Iwenttobed.AfterIfinishedmyhomework,Iwenttobed.5.Heorderedsomedishes.Hereadthemenu.Heorderedsomedishesafterhereadthemenu.6.Thechildrenvisitedthemuseum.Theybecameinterestedinscience.Thechildrenbecameinterestedinscienceaftertheyvisitedthemuseum.TheAdverbialClauseofTime由从属连词before引导的时间状语从句(5)before完成下列句子1.Youmustwashyourhands_________________________（在三餐前）.2.Studentsareusuallyquitebusy_______________________________(在他们测验前）.3.____________________,(在上课前）weshouldprepareourlessons.beforeyouhavethreemealsbeforetheygoinforexamsBeforewehaveclassesTheAdverbialClauseofTime（6）(not)till;until直到……(才；为止)e.g.1.Wewalkedandwalkedtill(until)itwasdark.2.Youmaystayheretill(until)therainstops.3.Ididnotgotobedtill(until)mymothercamebacklastnight.4.I’mafraidIcannotfinishtheworktill(until)hearrives.主句的谓语动词可以是肯定形式，也可以是否定形式。如果主句的谓语动词是属于延续性的，用肯定形式；如果主句的谓语动词是属于一时性的，则用否定形式。1.一直到你告诉我的时候,关于那件事我全然不知。Ihadnoideaofituntilyoutoldme.2.直到他回来，我才知道。Ididn’tknowituntilhecameback.3.他会一直等到我到达。Hewillwaittill(until)Iarrive.4.坐在这里直到叫你。Sithere(till)untilyouarecalled.Don’tleave(till)untilyouarecalled.(主将从现）TheAdverbialClauseofTime(7)since自从……以来Ihaven’tseenhimsincehereturnedfromPairs.SinceTomwasachildhehaslivedinEngland.他回来有一年了。Ithasbeenayearsincehereturned.（通俗）Itisayearsincehereturned.（标准）It作主语时，用Itis……since……和Ithasbeen……since……都可以。用is是标准用法，用hasbeen是通俗的用法。TheAdverbialClauseofTime(8)assoonas一……就……引导时间状语从句，强调主句和从句中的动作相继发生，间隔时间很短。（主将从现）e.g.Assoonasshegothome,shebegantosurftheinternet.Thestudentsstoppedtalkingassoonastheirclassteachercameintotheclassroom.1.玛丽一回到家就会给同桌同学打电话。Marywilltelephoneherassoonasshearriveshome.2.我一见到她就会把口信带给她。IwillgivethemessagetoherassoonasIseeher.Whatwillyoudoassoonastheclassisover?三、TheAdverbialClauseofReason由从属连词because引导的原因状语从句原因状语从句是说明主句谓语动词动作发生的原因和理由。because在句中作“因为”解,语气最强。表示直