201109,D922.5A1009-0592(2011)09-032-031994,199920082009:201109,121234563620110919ThesethreeelementstherediscoveryofthelegalwritingscompiledundertheRomanEmperorJustinian,thescholasticmethodofanalyzingandsynthesizingthem,andtheteachingoflawintheuniversitiesofEuropeareattherootoftheWesternlegaltradition.SeeTheoriginsofWesternLawScience,HarvardLawReview,March1977,p.899.NicomacheanEthics,IV.I,1119b-1120a//[]200617[]20062654[]J2008167168[]J2008242TheHistoryofAssumpsit,J.B.Ames,HarvardLawReview,April15,1888.InJoscelinv.Sheldon(1557),3Leon.4,Moore,13,Ben.&Dal.57,pl.53,s.c.,apromiseisde-scribedasmadeinconsiderationof,etc.Anexaminationoftheoriginalrecordsmightdiscloseanearlieruseofthesetechnicalwordsinconnectionwithanassumpsit.Butitisanoteworthyfact,thatinthereportsofthehalf-dozencasesofthereignofHenryVIII.andEdwardVI.thewordconsiderationdoesnotappear.TheRiseandFallofFreedomofContractByP.S.Atiyah,CharlesFried,HarvardLawReview,June,1980,pp.1859.Thesenotions,Atiyahclaims,werereplacedduringtheninete-enthcenturybyaparadigmthatfoundedcontractualobligationon,andlimiteditto,dutiesandrelationsfreelyundertakenbyparties.[1][]S[]D2005[2]19973[3]20054123,200525633