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英语语法复习非谓语动词非谓语动词的运用与比较不定式动名词分词非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的句法功能在句中成分主宾表宾补定状不定式分词动名词√√√√√√√√√√√√√√XXXX二.句法功能的区别：1主语动名词不定式Inmanycountries,shakingone’sheadmeans“no”andnoddingmeans“yes”.Towriteasciencefictionishiswish.It’sdangeroustoplay/playingwithfire.Itisnogood_______(argue)withhimaboutthat.在含有no,-less，常用动名词短语作主语。Itisnousedoing….;Itisuselessdoing…Itisnogooddoing…;Itisnohelpdoing…arguing2.表语不定式动名词分词Thestoryismoving.Awayofsaying“Iamhungry”ispattingthestomachbeforeameal.Mytaskthisclassistoteachyouhowtograspthegrammar.3.宾语动名词不定式根据习惯搭配和语义区分习惯接动名词作宾语的有：mind,finish,enjoy,avoid,risk,consider,practise,suggest,advise,miss,appreciate,imagine,putoff,keep(on),giveup,insiston,beusedto,lookforwardto,stickto,devoteone’slifeto,bebusy,beworth,can’thelp,excuse,escape,admit(承认)，delay,risk,objectto（反对）,payattentionto,etc.习惯于后接动词不定式而不接动名词作宾语的动词有：want,wish,hope,expect,promise,pretend,decide,manage,refuse,learn,agree,plan,offer,long,demand,help,manage,prepare,learn,determine,intend,etc.•动名词与不定式的不同含义：•beafraidtodo•不敢、害怕、胆怯去做某事•beafraidofdoing•担心、恐怕出现•Weareneverafraidtolaydownourlivesfortherightcause.•为了正义的事业我们绝不怕牺牲自己的生命。•Shewasafraidofwakingherhusbandup.2)forgettodosth.忘记去做某事（未做）forgetdoingsth.忘记做过了某事（已做）Thelightintheofficeisoff.Itwasshewhoturneditoff,butsheherselfforgot_______(turn)itoff.Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Sheforgot______(turn)itoff.3)remembertodosth.记着去做某事（未做）rememberdoingsth.记着做了某事（已做）Doyouremember______(meet)meatapartylastyear?Youmustremember______(leave)tomorrow.4)stoptodosth.stopdoingsth.5)regrettodosth.遗憾地说/告诉…=besorrytosay/totell…regretdoingsth.后悔做了…Iregret_______(tell)thatyoudidn’tpasstheexamagain.Iregret_____(tell)herthebadnews.6)trytodosth.trydoingsth.Wetried______(persuade)himtogowithus,buthewouldn’tlisten.Let’stry_____(do)theworkinsomeotherway.7)meantodosth.meandoingsth.Ifitmeans_____(delay)morethanaweek,I’llnotwait.Imean_____(go),andnothingcanstopme.8)goontodosth.goondoingsth.9）can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁，不禁can’thelp(to)dosth.不能帮忙做…10).permit/allow/advise+doingsth.+sb.todosth.11).start/begin/continue/like/love/hate+todosth.+doingsth.但有些动名词在句中是主动形式，却有被动含义Thehouserequires/needs/wantsrepairing.Thebookisworthreading.4.定语动名词分词不定式Doyouknowthemantalkingwithablackthere?Thecarryingpoleremindsmeofourbitterdaysinthepast.Therewillbemanypeopletohelpyou.=whoistalking…ThepoleforcarryingthingsThelabtobebuiltnextyearbeingbuiltnowbuiltlastyearisoursplendid.3.现在分词和过去分词fallingleavesfallenleavesexitingnewsexitedstudents-ing令人…;-ed表示所修饰词本身的特征adisappointingvoice;adisappointedvoice注:1)现在分词作定语时，表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词的表示的动作几乎同时发生。如两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。①Theteachercriticizedthestudentwhohadbrokenthewindow.②Yesterday,mothertoldmeaneventwhichhappenedfiveyearsago?2).不定式作定语•Hethoughtoutaplan_____(punish)Tom.•Heisalwaysthelast_____(come)tooffice•Pleasegivemeaknife_____(cut)with.•作定语的不定式如是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词。5.宾语补足语不定式分词使役动词：make,have,let,etc.感觉动词：hear,listento,see,watch,notice,observe,lookat,find,feel,etc.It’scoldoutside,wehadthefireburningallnight.Mumhadhimwashtheplates.Isawhimgoupstairs.Isawhimgoingupstairs（已经上去了，全过程）（此刻的行为）注：不能用不定式作宾补的动词：hope,suggest,agree,insist,plan,suppose,demand,think,announce,…make后不能用doing作宾补Sheisoftenlistened________(sing)thesong.6.状语不定式分词1.Everydayheclimbedtoahighrocknearhiscavetokeepwatch.2.Twoyearslater,herfatherdisappeared,nevertoreturn.3.I’mverygladtohavethisstampagain.4.Itistoodarkforustoseeanythingintheroom.5.Heisoldenoughtolookafterhimself.目的结果原因程度程度不定式主要作目的，结果和程度状语1).OncefleeingGermany,EinsteinwentfirsttoFrance,thentoBelgium…2).Beingashyman,Einsteindidn’tattendthegreatcelebration.3).Thetrainerappeared,followedbysixlittledog.4).Givenmoretime,Icandoitbetter.时间原因方式，伴随条件分词在句中主要作时间，原因，方式或伴随，条件，让步，结果状语。分词和不定式作结果状语Tony’sfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.Hewenthome,onlytofindhismoneystolen.现在分词和过去分词作状语Helayontheground,lookingatthesky.Oncepublished,hisworkbecamefamousfortheabsenceofrhymeattheendofeachline.•Thegame________(interest)theboys.Theboysare________________thegame.Thegameis__________.Iwonderwhyfootball_____boys.A.hasinterestedB.isinterestedinC.interestingD.interested•_______(excite)atthenews,theboysrushedtowatchthegame.•________(Fill)withjoy,Istartedoff.interestsinterestedininterestingAExcitedFilledCanyoudothefollowing?generallyspeaking,judgingfrom,talkingof,supposing,considering,comparedwith…•注1：分词作状语时，其逻辑主语须与句子的主语一致，构成主动或被动的关系。•注2：表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词while或when引导。•注3：有时，”with+名词（或代词宾格）+分词”的结构表示伴随状况。•注4:当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词须有自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。WhilewatchingTV,heheardsomeoneshoutingshoutforhelp.Withtheworkdone,hewenthome.Weatherpermitting,we’llgooutingtomorrow.Movedbyhiswords,hedecidedtostudyharder.三、非谓语动词的各种形式：（以动词do为例）主动被动一般完成进行一般完成不定式分词todotobedonetohavedonetohavebeendonetobedoingdoingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone1.不定式的时态与语态：1）一般式：不定式表示的动作常与谓语的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生，或在它之后发生。Isawhimgoout.Iplantoattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.2）进行式：不定式表示的动作正在进行。I’mverygladtobeworkingwithyou.3）完成式：不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Thearticleissaidtohavebeenreadbymanypeople.2.动名词的时态和语态1）动名词的时态：一般式和完成式如doing的动作没明确表示出时间是与谓语同时发生或在谓语之前发生，用一般式。Weare