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AbstractTess,theheroineinTessoftheD'urbevilles,isdepictedasavictimofthesociety.Beingabeautiful,innocentshonest,sweet-natured,andhard-workingcountrygirl,sheiseasilytakeninandabusedbythehypocriticalbourgeoisie,constantlysuppressedbythesocialcomventionsandmoralvaluesoftheday,andeventuallyexecutedbytheunfairlegalsystemofthesociety.HerobsoluteobediencetoAngelasherweaknessincharacterbutalsoisaninevitabilityinagirlofherupbringing.Andmostimportantofall,itisthepovertyofthefamilythatforceshertoimproperrelationsonceandagainwithAlec,andfinally,tohismurolerandherexecution.Ononehand,Tess'sfateispersonal,becauseshehappenstobesobeautiful,sopure,soinnocent,soobedient,andsopoor,andbecauseshehappenstogetinvolvedwiththetwomenwho,thoughapparentrivals,actuallyjointheirforecsinbringingaboutherdestruction.Ontheotherhand,herfateisasocialone.Itcanbethefateofallthepeasantswhoaredrivenoutoftheirlandandhomeandforcedtoseeksomewhereelseforsustenance.ChapterOne:ThomasHardyTessofD’UbervillesisthemasterpieceofEnglishliterature.ThomasHardy,theauthorofthisnovel,wasbornonJune2,1840,inHigherBockhamptominDorset,aruralregionofsouthwesternEnglandthatwastobecomethefocusofhisfiction.HewasanEnglishnovelistandpoet,oneofthegreatEnglishwritersinthe19thcentury.Thechildofabuilder,HardywasapprenticedattheageofsixteentoJohnHicks,anarchitectwholivedincityofDorchester.Althoughhegaveseriousthoughttoattendinguniversityandenteringthechurch,astrugglehewoulddramatizeinhisnovelJudetheObscure,decliningreligiousfaithandlackofmoneyledHardytopursueacareerinwritinginstead.Despitehisemployment,Hardywaswritingcontinuallyduringhislife.SuchearlynovelsasDesperateRemedies(1871)andApairofBlueEyes(1873)metwithsmallsuccessandmaybeconsideredformativework.Overthenext22years,Hardywrotemanynovels,andFarfromtheMaddingGrowd,publishedin1874,wastheauthor’sfirstcritical.Tohardy,novelswereprimarilyameansofearningaliving.Likemanyofhiscontemporaries,hefirstpublishedhisnovelsinperiodicinstallmentsinmagazinesofserialization.Toensurethatreaderswouldbuyaserializednovel,writersoftenstructuredeachinstallmenttobesomethingofacliffhanger,whichexplainedtheconvoluted,oftenincredibleplotsofmanysuchVictoriannovels.ButHardycannotsolelybelabeledaVictoriannovelist.NorcanhebecategorizedsimplyasaModernist,inthetraditionofwriterslikeVirginiaWoolforD.H.Lawrence,whoweredeterminedtoexplodetheconventionsofnineteenth-centuryliteratureandbuildanewkindofnovelinitsplace.Inmanyrespects,Hardywastrappedinthemiddlegroundbetweenthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturies,betweenVictoriansensibilitiesandmoremodernones,andbetweentraditionandinnovation.SoonafterTessofD’Ubervilles(1891)waspublished,itssaleassuredHardy’sfinancialfuture.Butthenovelalsoarousedasubstantialamountofcontroversy.InTessofD’Ubervillesandothernovels,HardydemonstrateshisdeepsenseofmoralsympathyforEngland’slowerclasses,particularlyforruralwomen.Hebecamefamousforhiscompassionate,oftencontroversialportrayalofyoungwomenvictimizedbytheself-righteousrigidityofEnglishsocialmorality.Hardylivedandwroteinatimeofdifficultsocialchange,whenEnglandwasmakingitsslowandpainfultransitionfromanold-fashioned,agriculturalnationtoamodern,industrialone.Businessmenandentrepreneurs,or“newmoney,”joinedtheranksofthesocialelite,assomefamiliesoftheancientaristocracy,or“oldmoney,”fadedintoobscurity.Tess’sfamilyinTessofD’Ubervillesillustratesthischange,asTess’sparents,theDurberyfields,losethemselvesinthefantasyofbelongingtoanancientandaristocraticfamily,theD’Urberbilles.Hardywasfrustratedbythecontroversycausedbyhiswork,andhefinallyabandonednovel-writingaltogetherfollowingJudetheObscure.Hespenttherestofhiscareerwritingpoetry.Thoughtodayheisrememberedsomewhatmoreforhisnovels,hewasanacclaimedpoetinhistimeandwasburiedintheprestigiousPoet’sCornerofWestminsterAbbeyfollowinghisdeathin1928.ChapterTwo:Analysisofmajorcharacters.Ⅰ.TessDurbeyfieldTessofD’Ubervillesdescribesatragedyofpeasantgirl-Tess-betragedandruinedbytwomen.Intelligentstrikingly,anddistinguishedbyherdeepmoralsensitivityandpassionateintensity,Tessisindisputablythecentralcharacterofthenovelthatbearshisname.Inpart,TessrepresentsthatchangingroleoftheagriculturalworkersinEnglandinthelatenineteenthcentury.Possessingandeducationthatherunschooledparentslack,sinceshehaspassedtheSixthStandardoftheNationalSchools,Tessdoesnotquitefitintothefolkcultureofherpredecessors,butfinancialconstraintskeepherfromrisingtoahigherstationinlife.Shebelongsinthathigherworld,however,aswediscoveronthefirstpageofthenovelwiththenewsthattheDurbeyfieldsarethesurvivingmembersofthenobleandancientfamilyoftheD’Urbervilles.ThereisaristocracyinTess’sblood,visibleinhergracefulbeauty-yetsheisforceddoworkasafarmhandandmilkmaid.Whenshetriestoexpressherjoybysinginglower-classfolkballadsatthebeginningofthethirdpartofthenovel,thedonotsatisfyher-sheseemsnotquitecomfortablewiththosepopularsongs.But,ontheotherhand,herdiction,whilemorepolishedthanhermother’s,isnotquiteuptothelevelofAlec’sorAngel’s.Sheisinbetween,bothsociallyandculturally.Thus,Tessisasymbolofunclearandunstablenotionsofclas