现在分词和过去分词的区别和用法

现在分词和过去分词的区别和用法今天我们要学习的语法是：现在分词和过去分词的区别和用法。我们先看看现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。表示伴随1.分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果（补充说明）、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。Eg.Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.Usingwhatyouknowofwordstemsandwordformations,youcanmakeaguessatthemeaningofanewword.Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,laughingandtalking.Accompaniedbyhisfriend,hewenttotherailwaystation.Givenbetterattention,theplantscouldgrowbetter.Helookedtiredanddepressed,visiblydisturbedbythenewsofhismother'sillness.分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。Eg.Notshavingsenoughhands,weturnedtothemforhelp.(wedon'thaveenoughhands)Taughtbymistakesandsetbacks,wehavebecomewiserandhandledouraffairsbetter.(wearetaught/teachus)InspiredbyLeifeng,thepeopleinChinaworkedveryhardtoachievetheirmodernization.____theearthtobeflat,manyfearedthatColumbuswouldfallofftheedge.(CET-41996,6)A)HavingbelievedB)BelievingC)BelievedD)Beingbelieved本句意思为：相信地球是平的，许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。许多人与相信之间是主谓关系，及分词与主语之间为主谓关系。Nomatterhowfrequently____,theworksofBeethovenalwaysattractlargeaudiences.(CET-41995,6)A)performingB)performedC)tobeperformedD)beingperformed本句中贝多芬的作品被反复表演，可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词，故答案为B.____asitwasatsuchatime,hisworkattractedmuchattention.(CET-41996,1)A)BeingpublishedB)PublishedC)PublishingD)Tobepublished2)“while(when,once,until,if,though等连词)＋分词”结构现在分词或过去分词作状语时，有时可以在分词前加while，when,once,although,until,if等连词。Eg.Whenleavingtheairport,shewavedagainandagaintous.Whilewaitingforthetrain,Ihadalongtalkwithmysisteraboutherwork.2.分词作定语分词作定语时，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(与名词是动宾关系)。Eg.Thisisreallyanexhaustingdaytoallofus!Wecanseethepartofthemoonlightedbysunlight.Afteranightspentinexcitementandsleeplessness,Iforcedmyselftotakealongwalkalongthebeachthenextday.Moreandmoredevelopingcountriesestablishedstrategicpartnershipwithdevelopedcountries.TheyoungsittingbetweenmysisterandmybrotherismycousinJack.3.分词作宾语补足语现在分词在see,watch,hear,observe,notice,feel,find,glimpse,glance等感官动词和lookat,listento等短语动词以及have,keep,get,catch,leave,set,start,send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语，作宾语补语的成分。【例如】Onthetopofthehill,wecouldseesmokerisingfromthechimneysinthevillage.Theboysatbesidetherailwaylineandwatchedthetrainsroaringby.Weshouldnotleavehimwonderingwhatheshoulddo.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsuchalongtime.Icaughthimdoingsomethingelseinclass.4.过去分词可以在allow,ask,consider,desire,expect,feel,find,get,have,hear,imagine,keep,like,make,observe,order,permit,prefer,remember,request,require,see,urge动词等后面作宾语补足语。【例如】Youshouldkeepherinformedofwhatisgoingonhere.Iexpectedyouwellpreparedfortheexamination.在动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice，perceive，observe,listento,lookat后既可用现在分词做补语,也可用不定式做补语。用现在分词表示动作正在进行,用不定式表示的动作的全过程已经完成。【例】IsawMr.Whitegetoffabus.IsawMr.Whitelookingintoashopwindow.——Doyouhearsomeoneknockingatthedoor?——Yes,Idid.Iheardhimknockthreetimes.5.分词作表语分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的性质，而且主语多为物；过去分词表示主语的心理感受或状态，主语多为人。【例】Thefilm“HarryPotter”isreallyexciting,andIamexcitedaboutit.Hisresponsetothequestionwasquitedisappointing.Ireallyfelt______athisresponse.通过以上的详细讲解，相信大家对现在分词和过去分词都有了一定的了解和认识，希望大家都能掌握好英语语法，真正学好英语！