初中英语语法大全:数词定义:表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词。I基数词1.基数词的构成(1)1-20one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty(2)21-99先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one(3)101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;586→fivehundredandeighty-six,803→eighthundredandthree(4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion(美式)或thousand,million(英式),然后一节一节地表示。1,001→onethousandandone9,785→ninethousand,sevenhundredandeighty-five18,423→eighteenthousand,fourhundredandtwenty-three6,260,309→sixmilliontwohundredandsixtythousandthreehundredandnine750,000,000,000→sevenhundredandfifty,billion(美式)sevenhundredandfiftythousandmillion(英式)2.基数词的用法(1)作主语eg.FourOfthemcomefromParis.(2)作宾语eg.一Howmanybookswouldyoulike?一Iwouldliketwo.(3)作表语eg.Sevenminustwoisfive.(4)作定语eg.Therearethreepeopleinmyfamily•(5)作同位语eg.Youtwowillgoswimmingwithus.(6)表具体数字时,hundred,thousand,million用单数。eg.Therearesixhundredstudentsinourgrade.(7)表不确定的数字时,数词用复数。若带名词,再加of。hundredsof(数百,成百上千的),thousandsof(数干,成千上万的),millionsof(数百万)twothousand(两千)Thousandsandthousandsofpeoplehavevisitedthecity.成千上万的人参观了这座城市。(8)在一些表示“一排”或“一组”的词组里;eg,Theyarrivedintwosandthrees.他们三三两两地来了。(9)表示“…十”的数词的复数可以表示人的岁数或年代。eg.Heisinhisearlythirties.他有三十来岁(31—34岁):Thistookplaceinthe1930s.这事发生在二十世纪三十年代;(10)表示时刻钟点表达法。顺读法(钟点+分钟)如:4:30fourthirty4:45fourforty-five4:15fourfifteen倒读法(分钟+to/past+钟点)如:4:30halfpastfour4:15fifteenpastfour/aquarterpastfour4:45fifteentofive/aquartertofiveeg.IwatchCCTVNewsatseveno’clockeveryevening.(11)表示百分数百分数的表达方式是:基数词+percent(单数形式)+of+名词。如:Thirtypercentofthestudentsinmyclassarefromcities.我班30%的学生来自城市。About61percentofthesurfaceiscoveredbywater.大约61%的表面被水覆盖着。(12)小数的读法:小数点读作point,小数后各位数要分别读,小数点前的数若为0可略去不读。Examples:2.468读作:twopointfoursixeight0.157读作:(zero)pointonefivesevenII序数词1.序数词的构成(1)一般在基数词后加theg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth(2)不规则变化one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve——twelfth(3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加thtwenty→twentieth,forty→fortieth,ninety→ninetieth(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。twenty-first,twohundredandforty-fifth2.序数词的用法(1)序数词作定语时,一般要与定冠词或物主代词连用。eg.Tomistheirsecondson.Heisthefirstonetocomehere.(2)序数词有时可与不定冠词连用,表示数量上“又—”,“再一”eg:Hetriedasecondtime.他又试了—次。Shalllaskhimathirdtime?还要我再问他—次吗?我已问了他两次)(3)序数词的缩写形式为:阿拉伯数字加上这个词的末尾两个字母。1st2nd,3rd,4th,20th,21st,22nd,23rd(4)表示年、月、日时,年用基数词,日用序数词。2005年8月15日:(英)15,8,2005=15th,August,2005;(美)8,15,2005=August15th,2005III基数词和序数词都可以用来给数字编号Thefirstlesson=LessonTwo(第二课)第305房间:Roomthreeo(零)five长安街76号:seventy-sixChanganStreet电话号码:204-2244:telephonenumbertwoo(零)fourtwotwo(doubletwofourfour十一路公共汽车:Bus(No.)elevenIV分数词的表达分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母加seg.1/3-onethird;2/5-twofifthsV数学运算的表达eg.3+5=8Threeplus/andfiveiseight.9-2=7Nineminustwoisseven.6x5=30Fivetimessixisthirty/sixunutilizedfiveisthirty.8÷2=4Eightdividedbytwoisfour.VI倍数表示法a.主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+as+adj.+asIhavethreetimesasmanyasyou.我有你三倍那么多。b.主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+thesize(amount,length…)of…Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.地球是月球的49倍。c.主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+形容词(副词)比较级+than…Thegrainoutputis8percenthigherthisyearthanthatoflastyear.今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。d.还可以用by+倍数,表示增加多少倍Theproductionofgrainhasbeenincreasedbyfourtimesthisyear.今年粮食产量增加了4倍。