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第十章英语从句的翻译Translationofclauses一、定语从句的翻译英语中定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。两者之间的区别在于限制意义是强还是弱，前者的限制意义很强，后者的限制意义很弱。定语从句在商务英语中应用较广泛。一般有三种翻译方法：合并法、分译法和混合法。1．合并法(1)Pollutionisapressingproblemwhichwemustdealwith.污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切问题。(2)PartyBguaranteesthatthetechnicaldocumentstobesuppliedbyPartyBarethelatesttechnicalinformationwhichhasbeenputintopracticalusedbyPartyB.乙方保证所提供的技术资料是乙方经过实际使用的最新技术资料。2、分译法(1)Afuelisamaterialwhichwillburnatareasonabletemperatureandproduceheat.燃料是一种物质，在适当温度下能燃烧并放出热量。3．混合法-保持原文的语序(1)Weusedaplaneofwhichalmosteverypartcarriedsomeidentificationofnationalidentity.我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有国籍的某些标志。(2)Fortunately,therearesomechemicalfuelthatarecleanandsmokeless.幸好有些化学燃料是洁净无烟的。(3)Therewasanothermanwhoseemedtohaveanswers,andthatwasRobertMeNamara.另外一个人似乎胸有成竹,那就是麦克纳马拉。定语从句状语化Themanagerwasgivingadinnerforafewpeoplewhomhewishedespeciallytotalktoortohearfrom.经理只宴请了几个人，因为他特别想和这些人谈谈，听听他们的意见。（表原因）Thetwocountriesestablishedformaldiplomaticrelation,whichpavedthewayforthefurthercommunication.两国正式建立了外交关系，从而为双方进一步的交流铺平了道路。（表结果）Anewproductwhichhasbeautifulpacking,goodqualityandadvertisingmayverylikelybeahitinmarket.一种新产品，只要包装精美，质量过硬，宣传得力，就能在市场中热销。(表条件或假设）10.2同位语从句的翻译同位语从句的翻译1．保持原文的语序（文中第1句）（1）HeexpressedthehopethathewouldcomeovertovisitChinaagain.他表示期望能再来中国访问。（2）Wearenotinvestigatingthequestionwhetherheistrustworthy.我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。2．加入冒号、破折号或“这样”、“这一”、“即”等字眼进行翻译（文中第2,3句）（1）Butconsideringrealistically,wehadtofacethefactthatourprospectswerelessthangood.但是现实考虑一下，我们不得不正视这样一个事实：我们的前景并不妙。（2）Wehavereachedtheconclusionthatpracticeisthecriterionfortestingtruth.我们已经得出这样的结论：实践是检验真理的标准.（3）Notlongago,thescientistsmadeanexcitingdiscoverythatthiswastematerialcouldbeturnedintoplastics.不久前，科学家们获得一个令人振奋的发现——可以把这种废物变成塑料。三、状语从句的翻译英语状语和状语从句的功能可表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步和目的等。（1）Hehadscarcelyhandedmetheletterwhenheaskedmetoreadit.他把信一交给我，就叫我念给他听。（2）Makeamarkwhereyouhaveanydoubtsorquestions.在有疑问的地方做个记号（3）Thecropsfailedbecausetheseasonwasdry.因为气候干燥，作物欠收。（4）Grantedthisistrue,whatconclusioncanyoudraw?假设这是实际情况，你又能得出什么结论呢。（5）Whilethisistrueofsome,itisnottrueofall.虽然有一部分是真的，但不见得都是真的。Whilethesalesvolumeofataxpayerdoesnotreachtheminimumstandardvalue-addedtaxstartingpoint,value-addedtaxshallbeexempted.如果纳税人的销售额未达到所规定的最低增值税征收点，增值税应予以免除。（6）Weshouldstartearlysothatwemightgettherebeforenoon.我们应当早点动身，这样就能在正午之前赶到那里。但在商务英语中，特别是在国际商务合同中，商务合同是合同各方就相互权利义务达成一致意见而订立的书面文件。这种书面文件主要约定双方应享有的权利和应履行的义务，但这种权利的行使和义务的履行，均附有各种条件。当条件成熟时，当事人的权利才能实现，或义务方可履行。请看下列例句1．状语(1)incaseofe.g.Incaseofqualitydiscrepancy,claimsshallbefiledbytheBuyerwithin30daysafterthearrivalofthegoodsattheportofdestination.若发生质量索赔，买方的索赔必须在货物到达目的港的30天内提出。(2)intheeventofe.g.Intheeventofgraftorseriousderelictionofdutyonthepartofthegeneralmanagerand/ordeputygeneralmanagers,theBoardofDirectorsshallhavethepowertodismissthematwill.若总经理和/或副总经理有营私舞弊或严重失职时，董事会有权随时将其撤换。(3)inconsiderationof考虑到；鉴于；由于e.g.InconsiderationoftheLicensesandtechnicalassistanceprovidedherein,theJointVentureCompanyshallpayPartyAtechnicalassistancefeesinUSD.考虑到许可以及在此提供的技术援助，合资公司将以美圆的方式支付甲方技术援助费。(4)subjectto在……条件下；根据…..规定；在…..规定的范围内；以……为有效。e.g.SubjecttothetermstothisAgreement,theProduceragreestobeboundbythetermstothefollowingmarkrtingagreement.在本协议的条件下，制造商同意接受下列销售协议各项条款的约束。2．状语从句（1）IftheForceMajeureeventlastsover60days,theBuyershallhavetherighttocanceltheContractortheundeliveredpartoftheContract.若不可抗力事件持续60天以上，买方有权撤消本合同或合同中未完成的部分。（2）Incasenosettlementcanbereachedthroughnegotiation,thecaseshallthenbesubmittedtoArbitrationTribunaloftheStockholmChamberofCommerceinaccordancewiththeArbitrationRulesandProcedureofthesaidTribunal.如通过协商仍不能达成协议时，应提交斯德哥尔摩商会仲裁院，根据该院的仲裁规则和程序进行仲裁。（3）IntheeventthatdeficienciesintheEquipmentbecomeevident,suchdeficienciesshallbecorrectedbyABCduringthetwodaysperweekduringwhichthePurchaserwillnotbetesting.若发现设备有缺陷，应由ABC用每周买方不进行试验的这两天时间对设备予以校正（4）ShouldanyofthestipulationstotheContractbealtered,amended,supplementedordeleted,thesameshallbenegotiatedbetweenandagreeduponbybothpartiesandwrittendocumentsshallbesignedbytherepresentativesofbothparties.本合同条款的任何变更、修改或增删，须经双方协商同意，并由双方代表签署书面文件为有效。（5）Neitherpartyshallhavetherighttorepresenttheotherpartyunlessotherwisearranged.除另有安排者外，任何一方无权代表另一方。（unless从句中的主语和动词be常省去。）（6）Wecansellalotofgarmentsprovidedthatyourpriceishighlycompetitive.如果你方价格很有竞争性，我方就可大量出售。四、练习1.“NetSellingPrice”meansthepriceatwhichtheproductissoldbyPartyBfromtimetotimeafterdeductionofpacking,installationandfreightcharges,tradeandquantitydiscount,commission,insuranceandcommoditytax,ifany,directlyapplicableofproduct.2.TheSellersshallnotberesponsiblefordelayinshipmentornon-deliveryofthegoodsduetoForceMajeure,whichhasoccurredduringthemanufacturingprocessorinthecourseofloadingorintransit.3.Weknowthatacat,whoseeyescantakeinmanymoreraysoflightthanoureyes,canseeclearlyinthenight.4.WhenonepartytotheJointVentureCompanyassignsallorpartofhisinvestment,theotherpartyhaspreemptiveright.5.IncasetheBuyerfindsanydocumentincorrect,thebuyerisobligedtocabletheSellerindicatingtheincorrectitems.Thecableshallbesentwithin20daysaftertheBankofChina,BeijingBranchhasreceivedtheSe