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编号：审定成绩：重庆邮电大学毕业设计（论文）设计（论文）题目：基于Matlab语言的电力系统最小二乘状态估计算法学院名称：学生姓名：专业：班级：学号：指导教师：答辩组负责人：填表时间：二〇一六年六月重庆邮电大学教务处制重庆邮电大学本科毕业设计（论文）-I-摘要随着电力系统的迅速发展，电力系统的结构和运行方式日趋复杂，电力系统调度中心的自动化水平正快速发展。现代化的调度系统要求能迅速、准确而全面的掌握电力系统的实际运行状态，预测和分析系统的运行趋势，对运行中发生的各种问题提出对策，并提供下一步的运行对策。从而保证电力系统运行的安全性和经济性。目前，各级电网自动化系统已具备电网分析的高级功能。在这些电网高层应用软件中，状态估计起着非常重要的作用，它可以提供更加丰富、准确合理的数据，为其它应用提供可靠的数据。电力系统状态估计的内容包括：网络拓扑分析、网络可观测性分析、状态估计、状态估计潮流、不良数据检测和辨识等。本文对状态估计算法进行了研究，采用最小二乘法进行状态估计计算，并结合IEEE标准算例进行了仿真分析，计算结果合理正确，表明该程序具有很好的实用性。【关键词】电力系统、状态估计、最小二乘法重庆邮电大学本科毕业设计（论文）-II-ABSTRACTWiththerapiddevelopmentofpowersystem,powersystemstructureandoperationmodeoftheincreasinglycomplex,automationlevelofpowersystemdispatchingcenteralsodevelopmentrapidly.Modernschedulingsystemrequirementscanrapid,accurateandcomprehensivegraspoftheactualoperationofpowersystem,runtrendofforecastandanalysissystem,toputsforwardsomemeasuresfortheproblemsoccurredintheoperationofcountermeasuresandprovidethenextrun.Thusensurethesafetyandeconomyofpowersystemoperation.Atpresent,alllevelsofpowergridautomationsystemhavethefunctionofpowergridanalyze.Inthegridofhigh-levelapplicationsoftware,stateestimationplaysaveryimportantrole;itcanprovidemoreabundant,accurateandreasonabledata,forotherapplicationstoprovidereliabledata.Thecontentofpowersystemstateestimation:networktopologyanalysis,networkobservabilityanalysis,stateestimation,andtrendsinstateestimation,baddatadetectionandidentification,etc.Inthispaper,thestateestimationalgorithmarestudied,thestateestimationofleastsquaresmethod,andcombinedwiththecaseoftheIEEEstandardpowersystemsimulationanalysis,thecalculationresultmorereasonable,showthattheprogramhasagoodpracticability.【Keywords】electricpowersystem;stateestimation;leastsquaresmethod重庆邮电大学本科毕业设计（论文）-III-目录前言..................................................................................................................................................1第一章电力系统状态估计概述......................................................................................................2第一节电力系统状态估计的发展历史..........................................................................................2第二节电力系统状态估计的主要内容..........................................................................................3第三节状态估计的发展方向..........................................................................................................6第四节论文主要内容及章节安排..................................................................................................7第二章算法基础..............................................................................................................................8第一节数据结构..............................................................................................................................8一、三角形表..............................................................................................................................8二、链接表..................................................................................................................................9第二节排序算法的实现................................................................................................................10第三节稀疏矩阵求解的实现........................................................................................................10第四节节点编号优化....................................................................................................................11第三章状态估计............................................................................................................................13第一节状态估计的数学模型........................................................................................................13一、状态估计的量测方程........................................................................................................13二、量测误差方差矩阵............................................................................................................16三、状态估计准则....................................................................................................................17第二节状态估计的基本方法........................................................................................................18一、无约束加权最小二乘法....................................................................................................18二、正交变换法........................................................................................................................18三、混合法................................................................................................................................19四、带约束的加权最小二乘法................................................................................................19五、Hachtel矩阵法..................................................................................................................20第三节算法比较............................................................................................................................20第四章最小二乘法状态估计........................................................................................................22第一节算法计算流程......................................