虚拟语气

确定虚拟的时间及相应的谓语形式：时间从句主句例句现在If+主语+were/动词过去式/weredoing主语+should/would/might/could+动词原形1.IfIwereyou,Ishould/wouldgoatonce.2.Iftherewerenoair,peoplewoulddie.过去If+主语+haddone主语+should/would/might/could+havedone1.Ifyouhadbeentherelastnight,nothingwouldhavehappened.2.Ifyouhadgotthereearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthebus.将来If+主语+were/动词过去式/weretodoIf+主语+should+动词原形(不常用）主语+should/would/might/could+动词原形1.Ifyouweretovisittheschooltomorrow,youwouldseeme.(明天你肯定不去）2.IfitwereSundaytomorrow,wewouldn'thaveanexam.含蓄条件句：1.用with,without等介词短语或分词短语或独立主格结构来替代条件从句e.g.1.Wemighthavediedwithoutyourhelp.=Wemighthavediedifyouhadn’thelpedus.2.Havingknownintime,wecouldhavestoppedit.=Ifwehadknownintime,wecouldhavestoppedit.3.IhadmyhaircutoffandsolditbecauseIcouldn’thavelivedthroughChristmaswithoutgivingyouapresent.=IhadmyhaircutoffandsolditbecauseIcouldn’thavelivedthroughChristmasifIhadn’tgivenyouapresent.2.用相当于if的其他连词表示虚拟结构：otherwise否则，不然……butthat要不是……unless除非solongas只要incase假如oncondition(that)条件是……suppose/supposing(that)假如provided/providing(that)如果……Iwasbusylastweek,otherwiseIwouldhavecometoseeyou.=Iwasbusylastweek.IfIhadnotbeenbusylastweek,Iwouldhavecometoseeyou.3.通过上下文来表示虚拟：1.Iwouldhavegivenyoumoremoney,butIwassopoorthen.2.Iwouldhavecalledyou,butIforgotyourtelephonenumber.=IwouldhavecalledyouifIhadknownyourtelephonenumber.ButIforgotit.虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装：符合下列条件，可以省略if:1.只有当虚拟条件句中有were,had,should,would等词时，才可以省略if;2.省略时，主语与were,had,should的位置必须相互调换（倒装）。1.IfIshouldmeether,Iwouldtellher.=ShouldImeether,Iwouldtellher.2.IfIwereinyourposition,Iwoulddoitbetter.=WereIinyourposition,Iwoulddoitbetter.3.Iftheyhadmadepreparations,theywouldhavesucceeded.=Hadtheymadepreparations,theywouldhavesucceeded.在宾语从句中的用法：在suggest,insist,order,demand,request,command,propose,desire,advise,ask,decide,direct,insist,instruct,move(提议）,object,prefer,require,urge,vote等动词后作宾语从句时，表示欲望、建议、命令等时，用虚拟语气。句型：主语+should（可省略）+动词原形1.ThePLAmenorderedthatalltheenemy(should)giveup.2.Theyrequestedthatthestudents(should)learnthesecondlanguage.3.Heproposesthatwe(should)workoutaplanfirst.4.Thechairmanofthemeetinginsistedthatwe(should)takeuptheproblematthemeeting.在主语从句中的用法：Itisnatural(suggested,necessary,requested,ordered,proposed,important,surprising,strange,funny,preferable,essential,imperative,obligatory,vital,keen,proper,crucial,desired,demanded,commanded,insistent,desired,ordered,recommended)+that+主语+should(可省略）+动词原形Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,anhonour)+that+主语+should(可省略）+动词原形e.g.1.Itisstrangethathe(should)gohimself.2.Itisapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.3.Ithasbeendecidedthatthesportsmeet(should)beputofftillnextmonth.在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法：用advice,command,decision,demand,desire,idea,instruction,insistence,motion,necessity,order,plan,pray,preference,proposal,recommendation,regulation,request,requirement,resolution,rule,suggestion,understanding,policy表示愿望、建议、命令等情绪时，用虚拟语气。句型：主语+should(可省略）+动词原形1.Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)dotheexperimentagain.2.Mysuggestionthatwe(should)dotheexperimentagainisacceptedbythem.3.Hisproposalisthatthey(should)challengetheothergroupstoafriendlycompetition.4.Hisproposalthatthey(should)challengetheothergroupstoafriendlycompetitionispraisedbytheteacher.在定语从句中(表示委婉建议）的用法：Itis/was(high/about/proper)timethat+主语+should+动词原形或动词过去式（should不可以省略）1.Itistimethatyoushouldhaveaclass.=Itistimethatyouhadaclass.2.Itishightimeyoushouldleave.=Itishightimeyouleft.表示祝愿的虚拟语气句型：句型谓语形式例句IwishIt’smywishIfonlyOnlythatWouldthat现在：did,weredoing,etc.IfonlyIwerelivingonthemoon.Iwishhedidn’tforgetmyname.将来：would,could,etc.+动词原形IwishIcouldgotothemoononeday.Ifonlyhecouldstoptalking.过去：haddoneWouldthatTomhadkeptquietthen.May…may+主语+动词原形Mayyousucceed.Mayallyoudreamscometrue.表示“宁愿”的虚拟语气句型：句型谓语形式例句I’d现在、将来：did,weredoingI’dsooneryouwenthomenow/nextweekend.I’dpreferyouwerelyinginbednow.过去：haddoneI’dassoonyouhadn’tbeenthereyesterday.Wouldn'tyouratherhehadnottoldyouthetruth?rathersoonerassoonprefer在某些状语从句中的应用：从句类型从句谓语形式例句asifasthough现在：did,weredoing,etc.Fancyyoujustsitthereasifnothingwerehappening.Irememberitasvividlyasthoughitweretonight.将来：would/could,etc.+动词原形Hecursesmeasifhecouldchangethewholesituationbydoingso.过去：haddoneYoulookasifyouhadseenaghost.lestforfear(that)incase(that)(should)doYou’dbetterstayindoorsincasethetyphoon(should)comebackagain.Pleaseremindhimofitlest(forfearthat)he(should)forgetit.