Unit8定语、状语从句的翻译英语定语从句的翻译PartI前置法Fewpeopledobusinesswellwhodonothingelse.除了生意以外什么也不做的人是做不好生意的。Theyreviewedtheinternationalsituationinwhichimportantchangesandgreatupheavalsaretakingplaceandexpoundedtheirrespectivepositionsandattitudes.他们回顾了正在发生重大变化和巨大动荡的国际形势,并阐明了各自的立场和态度。Mr.Taylor,whohadbeensilentbefore,spokeoutsuddenly.刚才一直沉默不语的Taylor先生突然开口了。Thisistheplacewheretheworkers’andpeasants’RedArmymadethecrossingin1934.这就是工农红军1934年渡江的地方。PartII后置法Aspiriteddiscussionspringsupbetweenayounggirlwhoinsiststhatwomenhaveoutgrownthejumping-on-the-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouseera,andacolonelwhosaysthattheyhaven’t.一位年轻的姑娘和一位上校展开了一场热烈的争论。姑娘坚持认为妇女已有进步,看见老鼠就吓得跳上椅子的时代已经一去不复还了,而上校则认为没有。(重复先行词,译成独立句)Hesaidthatthiswasagoodsuggestion,whichhewouldlookinto.他说这是个很好的建议,一定要加以研究。(省略先行词,译成并列句)Towardevening,westoppedataninn,wherewepassedthenight.傍晚,我们停留在一家旅馆,在那里过了夜。TherelationsbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesofAmericahavebeenimproved,whichwillcontributetoourfourmodernizationsandworldpeace.中美两国关系已经得到改善,这将有利于我们的四个现代化和世界和平。LastweekIsawModernTimeswithCharlesChaplinplayingtheleadingrole,whichIthinkoneofthemostamusingfilms.(=andIthinkit…)上周我看了CharlesChaplin主演的《摩登时代》,我认为这是最有趣的影片之一。WestminsterAbbey,whichisoneoftheoldestchurchesinGreatBritain,containsthegravesofmanyfamousEnglishmen.Westminster教堂,大不列颠最古老的教堂之一,里面有许多知名英国人士的坟墓。PartIII融合法ItwasahopewhichreflectedtheconvictionexpressedsomeyearsearlierbythethenBritishMinister.这个希望反映了若干年前当时在任的英国首相表达过的信念。Therehasneverbeenamanaroundmewhowrotesomanymemos.在我周围的人中,从没有一个像他那样写过那么多的备忘录。“Weareanationthatmustbegtostayalive,”saidaforeigneconomist.一位外国经济学家说道,“我们这个国家一天不讨饭就活不下去。”PartIV译成状语从句Ourteacher,whoisgettingold,willsoonretire.(cause)我们的老师,越来越老,不久就要退休了。Envoysweresentwhoshouldstrengthenourinternationalposition.(purpose)派了使节,以便加强我们的国际地位。Theprimeministerwhowasbusyalldaylongneverknewwhatfatiguewas(concession)总理虽然整天很忙,却从不知疲倦。Anybodywhoshoulddothatwouldbelaughedat.(condition)无论是谁,只要做那种事情,就一定会受到嘲笑。Allthewhile,GeorgeBush,whowasultimatelytobenefitfromthetrythatfailed,satsilentlyby,anearlyforgottenspectator.在此期间,GeorgeBush一言不发地坐在一边,几乎成了一个被遗忘的旁观者,然而他将最终从一场失败的试探中获得好处。(译成转折并列句,与主句形成对比)Hepassesinthemiddleofthegarden,exercisinghisfingers,whichareslightlynumbedbyhergreeting.(cause)他走到圆子当中,活动活动手指头,因为被她刚才一捏有点发麻。PartV由关系代词as引导的定语从句的汉译方法Itisabsolutelywrongtothinkforeignlanguagesuseless,asquiteafewpeopledidbefore.认为外语无用是绝对错误的,而不少人过去确有这种想法。Spidersarenotinsects,asmanypeoplethink,norevennearlyrelatedtothem.蜘蛛不是昆虫,尽管许多人认为它是昆虫,它甚至与昆虫几乎没有联系。Towriteadullbook,asanypoorwritercoulddo,wasunworthyofhim.写一本枯燥无味的书,这是任何一个蹩脚的作家都会做的。Nowmanyyoungpeoplewishtobescientists,as(=scientists)itispossibleforthemtobeonconditionthattheyworkhard.现在许多青年都想当科学家,在自己刻苦努力的条件下,这是大有可能如愿以偿的。Hisgrandfatherwasasimple-manneredman,asthelarge-heartedandlarge-mindedmenareapttobe.他祖父质朴大方,慷慨而心胸开阔的人也往往是这样的。Hewasnotsick,assomeoftheotherpassengerswere.他没有晕车,倒是其余乘客中的有些了晕车了。Hethinksheranswerincorrect,asitprobablyis.他认为她的回答不正确,她的回答大概也是不正确的。Greenlandwasnotacontinent,aspeoplethought.Greenland并不象人们所想的那样是一个大陆。TheBritisharenotsofamiliarwithdifferentculturesandotherwaysofdoingthings,asisoftenthecaseinothercountries.英国人对于与其不同的文化和行为方式不大熟悉,而在其他国家却往往不是这样。PartVI其他特殊定语从句的汉译方法Inshort,weareforaworldinwhicheverypeople,rootedintheirnationalculturalvalues,willbereceptivetotheabundantbenefitsofothernations.一句话,我们赞成这样的世界:每个国家的人民都扎根于自己的民族文化宝库之中,有汲取其他国家的丰富的滋养。Helikedhissister,whowaswarmandpleasant,buthedidnotlikehisbrother,whowasaloofandarrogant.他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹,而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。Buthislaugh,whichwasveryinfectious,brokethesilence.但他富有感染力的笑声打破了沉默。Wearepeoplesthathaveinheritedancientwisdom,thatknowtheworthofbidingone’stimeandrecognizedopportunityforcombat.我们的人民继承了古代的智慧,懂得如何等待并善于抓住战机。Weliveinaworldwhererelationsbetweenstatesarerelationsofforces.在我们所处的世界上,国家之间的关系是力量对比的关系。Inaword,atruerevolutionisonethatisdevotedtohumanprogressinalldomainsandthatmakeshumanprogressthesupremeandfinalobject.总之,真正的革命,致力于人的全面发展,并以此作为行动的最高指标。Hehadtalkedtovice-presidentNixon,whoassuredhimthateverythingthatcouldbedonewouldbedone.他同副总统Nixon谈过话。副总统向他担保,凡是能够做到的都将竭尽全力去做。Heiswithhisyoungestson,whoisaccompanyinghimonhislecturetourinChina.他带着小儿子。小儿子陪他在中国进行巡回演讲。英语状语从句的翻译一、时间状语从句(1)译成相应的表示时间的状语1.Whentheyanalyzedtheserocks,theyfound“shocked”quartzgrains—sliverswithaparticulararrangementofmicrocracksbelievedtorepresenttherelicleftbyanextraterrestrialimpact.在分析这些岩芯时,他们发现“冲击”石英颗粒———带有特殊排列的微裂缝的薄片,科学家认为他们是外层空间来的物体与地球碰撞留下来的遗迹。2.Aslanddeveloped,rainwaterandriversdissolvedsaltsandothersubstancesfromrocksandcarriedthemtotheoceans,makingtheoceansalty.在陆地形成时,雨水和河水溶解了岩石中的盐和其他物质并把它们带入海洋,使海水变咸。(2)根据语境确立译法3.ThestorydatedbacktoonenightinMarch,1993,whenMr.andMrs.ShoemakerswenttoanobservatorynearSanDiego,Californiatoobserveheavenlybodiestilldawn.故事发生在1993年3月的一个夜晚。苏梅克夫妇到加利福尼亚圣迭戈附近的一座天文台去观测天体,直到黎明。4.Somethingfurthermustbedonetotheamplifiedsignalsbeforetheycanbesenttothetransmittingantenna.对于放大了的信号,必须作进一步的处理后,才能把它们馈送到发射天线上去。二、条件状语从句可相应译成表示条件或表示假设的分句,例如翻译成:“如果,要是”等引导的分句。5.Sometimesthisfall,ifallgoe