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Unit5NelsonMandela─amodernhero•qualityn.•（1）[U,C]质，质量，品质•Qualityismoreimportantthatquantity.•（2）[C]性质，特性，特点•Onequalityofwoodisthatitcanburn.•（3）[C]品德，品性•Youneedsomespecialpersonalqualitiestoworkasanurse.•注意：•（1）quality作“品性”讲时，经常指一个人性格（character）中美好的部分。•（2）表示某物“具有……的质量”时用介词of.•Eg:Thisnewmodelisofhighqualityandisnotexpensive.•拓展：ofgoodquality上等的，优质的•ofpoorquality劣等的，劣质的•meanadj.vt.•（1）adj.吝啬的，小气的•搭配：bemeanwith/aboutsth•对于……吝啬的•Sheisalwaysmeanwith/aboutmoney.•（2）adj.（人或其行为）卑鄙的，刻薄的•搭配：bemeantosb/sth对某人/某物刻薄的•Don’tbesomeantoyourclassmates.•Itismeanofyoutoteasehim.•（3）adj.熟练的；出色的•搭配：benomean了不起，很出色•Heisameantennisplayer.•Hismotherwasapainter,andheisnomeanartisthimself.•（4）vt.意思是；意味着；表示……意思•搭配：meantodosth打算做某事•meandoingsth意味着；意思是•ButIdidn’tmeantohurtyou.•Missingthebusmeanswalkinghome.•activeadj.•（1）积极的•搭配：beactiveinsth在……方面积极地•takeanactivepartinsth积极参与某事•Theywerebothpoliticallyactive.•（2）（尤指体力上）忙碌的，活跃的•Sheisveryactiveinthelocalbusinesscircle.•（3）（思想上）充满活力的，活跃的•Thatchildhasaveryactiveimagination.•generousadj.•（1）慷慨的，大方的•搭配：begenerouswith在某方面慷慨•begenerousindoingsth乐于做某事•Itwasgenerousofhimtooffertopayforusboth.•（2）宽宏大量的，宽厚的，仁慈的•Shehasagenerousmind/spirit.•注意：generous和其他修饰人的形容词clever,stupid,smart,kind等一样，常与of一起构成不定式复合结构：It’s+adj.+ofsb+todosth.•devotevt.献身，致力，专心•搭配：devoteoneselfto献身于•devoteone’slife/timetosb/sth把生命/时间献给……•devoteone’senergyto奉献精力于•devotesthtosth把……用于……•Shedevotedherselftohercareerandnevermarriedallherlife.•Hedevotedhislifetopromotingworldpeace.•注意：在devote…to…和bedevotedto…中的to均为介词，其后接名词，代词和动名词等做宾语。•devotedadj.忠实的，深爱的，是形容词，可用作定语或表语，可以构成短语bedevotedto，该结构可以在句中做状语，如：Devotedtohisresearch,hedidn’tnoticetheteacherenteredtheroom.•foundvt.(founded,founded)•（1）创立，创建•Thehospitalwasfoundedin1920.•（2）建立在……基础上，（建筑物）建立在……上•Thecastleisfoundedonsolidrocks.•principlen.[C]法则；原则；原理•Discussingallthesedetailswillgetusnowhere,wemustgetbacktofirstprinciples.•注意：principle的复数形式表示“道德原则”“行为准则”或“规范”。•Irefusetolieaboutit;it’sagainstmyprinciples.•拓展：inprinciple原则上，理论上；大体上，基本上onprinciple根据原则•firstprinciples基本原则•peacefuladj.•（1）和平的•Wesuggestedapeacefulsettlementofthecrisis.•（2）爱好和平的，寻求和平的•Chinaisapeacefulnation.•（3）安静的，宁静的，安宁的•Thatwasapeacefulnight.•guidancen[U]指导；领导；引导•搭配：underone’sguidance在某人的指导/领导下•guidanceonsth对某事的指导•Youshoulddoitunderhisguidance.•That’sguidanceforteachersonhowtousevideoinclass.•拓展：with/underone’sguidance=with/undertheguidanceofsb=underone’sdirection在某人的指导下•legaladj.•（1）法律的，与法律有关的（仅作前置定语）•搭配：thelegalprofession法律专业•alegaladviser法律顾问•（2）法律允许的；合法的；法律要求的•Who’sthelegalownerofthehouse?•outofwork失业=outofemployment•Nowthatsheisoutofwork,Lucyhasbeenconsideringgoingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecided.•拓展：inwork有工作•gotowork去上班•hopefuladj.•（1）（人）抱有希望的，满怀希望的（一般作表语）•搭配：behopefulaboutsth•behopefulthat对某事满怀希望的•behopefulofdoingsth希望做某事•Ifeelhopefulthatwe’llfindasuitablehouseverysoon.•（2）表现出希望的（只作前置定语）•Hewasthemosthopefulcandidateforthepresidency.•（3）带来希望的，给人以希望的（多指事情）•Thefuturedidnotseemveryhopeful.•youthn.•（1）[U]青少年时期•Ispentmyyouthinthecountry.•（2）[C]青年男子；小伙子•Therearegroupsofyouthsplayingbasketballoverthere.•（3）青年人（总称）（常加the）•Theyouthofthenationis/arepoliteingeneral.•注意：theyouth是年轻人的统称，表示复数含义，作主语时谓语动词用复数或单数形式都可以。•leaguen.[C]联盟；同盟；联合会•theLeagueofNations国际联盟•stagen.•（1）时期，阶段，状态•Thechildrenareatdifferentstagesofdevelopment.•（2）段，步，步骤•Wedidthefirststageofthetripbytrain.•（3）舞台•Theaudiencethrewflowersontothestage.•（4）（政治等活动中的）领域，舞台•Shewasforcedtothecenterofthepoliticalstage.•vote•（1）投票；表决•Congressvotedtoincreaseforeignaidby10%.•（2）n.[C]投票，表决•Theresultofthevoteweresurprising.•拓展：voteforsb投票支持某人•voteagainstsb投票反对•attack•（1）vt.袭击，攻击•Atdawnthearmyattackedthetown.•（2）vt.抨击，非难•ThereisanewspaperarticleattackingtheEnglandfootballcoach.•（3）vt.侵袭，损害•搭配：beattackedwith患病•Heisverysadbecausehismotherisattackedwithcancer.•（4）n.[C,U]攻击，进攻，袭击•搭配：makeanattackon/uponsb/sth•对某人/某事发起进攻；攻击某人/某事•underattack受到攻击•Thereisaseriesofracialattacksrecently.•（5）[C]（疾病的）发作，侵袭•搭配：apanicattack一阵恐慌•Mygrandpaoftensuffersaheartattack.•violencen.•（1）[U]暴力行为•Theyexpressedtheirangerwithsomeviolence.•（2）猛烈；激情；激烈的力量•Theviolenceofherfeelingssurprisedhim.•拓展：doviolenceto伤害，损害•asamatteroffact•（1）事实上；其实；说真的•It’saniceplace.We’vestayedthereourselves,asamatteroffact.•（2）（表示不同意）事实上，其实•Hedoesn’tmind.Asamatteroffact,he’spleased.•blowup•（1）vt.炸毁，（使）炸得粉碎•Thesoldiersblewupthefactory.•（2）vt.吹胀，给……充气，打气•Stopatthegasstationandwe’llblowupthetyres.•（3）vi.（恶劣天气）来临•Itlooksasifthere’sastormblowingup.•equal•（1）adj.相等的•Thetwodesksareofequalsize.•（2）adj.平等的•Allmenarebornequal.•（3）adj.胜任的，能对付的•I’mnotequaltothetask.•（4）n.[C]同等之人或事物•Inspelling,shehadnoequals.•introuble•处于困境或险境•He’sintroublewiththepolice.•Weshouldlendahandtothoseintrouble.•拓展：getintotrouble陷入困境•getsbintotrouble使某人陷入困境•beintroublewith有问题（麻烦）•willingadj.•（1）愿意的，乐意的•一般作表语，bewillingtodosth•（2）自愿的，乐于相助的，通常做定语•willingvolunteers志愿工作者•turnto向某人求助；致力于；转身•Ifyouhaveanyquestion,turntomeforhelp.•注意：turnto中的to为介词，因此其后跟名词，代词或动名词。•release•（1）vt.释放，放走；放开，松开•搭配：releasesb/sthfromsth从……释放某人或某物•Herefusedtoreleaseherarm.•（2）n.释放；获释•Sheexpectsanearlyreleasefrompriso