【EPA】生态风险评价指南(guidelinesforecologicalr

EPA/630/R-95/002FApril1998GuidelinesforEcologicalRiskAssessment(PublishedonMay14,1998,FederalRegister63(93):26846-26924)RiskAssessmentForumU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyWashington,DCDISCLAIMERThisdocumenthasbeenreviewedinaccordancewithU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencypolicyandapprovedforpublication.Mentionoftradenamesorcommercialproductsdoesnotconstituteendorsementorrecommendationforuse.NOTICEThisreportcontainsthefulltextoftheGuidelinesforEcologicalRiskAssessment.However,theformatofthisversiondiffersfromtheFederalRegisterversion,asfollows:textboxesthatareincludedinthisdocumentattheirpointofreferencewereinsteadlistedattheendoftheFederalRegisterdocumentastextnotes,duetoformatlimitationsforFederalRegisterdocuments.ivGUIDELINESFORECOLOGICALRISKASSESSMENT[FRL-6011-2]AGENCY:U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyACTION:NoticeofavailabilityoffinalGuidelinesforEcologicalRiskAssessmentSUMMARY:TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)istodaypublishinginfinalformadocumententitledGuidelinesforEcologicalRiskAssessment(hereafter“Guidelines”).TheseGuidelinesweredevelopedaspartofaninterofficeprogrambyaTechnicalPaneloftheRiskAssessmentForum.TheseGuidelineswillhelpimprovethequalityofecologicalriskassessmentsatEPAwhileincreasingtheconsistencyofassessmentsamongtheAgency’sprogramofficesandregions.TheseGuidelineswerepreparedduringatimeofincreasinginterestinthefieldofecologicalriskassessmentandreflectinputfrommanysourcesbothwithinandoutsidetheAgency.TheGuidelinesexpanduponandreplacethepreviouslypublishedEPAreportFrameworkforEcologicalRiskAssessment(EPA/630/R-92/001,February1992),whichproposedprinciplesandterminologyfortheecologicalriskassessmentprocess.From1992to1994,theAgencyfocusedonidentifyingastructurefortheGuidelinesandtheissuesthatthedocumentwouldaddress.EPAsponsoredpublicandAgencycolloquia,developedpeer-reviewedecologicalassessmentcasestudies,andpreparedasetofpeer-reviewedissuepapershighlightingimportantprinciplesandapproaches.DraftsoftheproposedGuidelinesunderwentformalexternalpeerreviewandwerereviewedbytheAgency’sRiskAssessmentForum,byFederalinteragencysubcommitteesoftheCommitteeonEnvironmentandNaturalResourcesoftheOfficeofScienceandTechnologyPolicy,andbytheAgency’sScienceAdvisoryBoard(SAB).TheproposedGuidelineswerepublishedforpubliccommentin1996(61FR47552-47631,September9,1996).ThefinalGuidelinesincorporaterevisionsbasedonthecommentsreceivedfromthepublicandtheSABontheproposedGuidelines.EPAappreciatestheeffortsofallparticipantsintheprocessandhastriedtoaddresstheirrecommendationsintheseGuidelines.DATES:TheGuidelineswillbeeffectiveApril30,1998.vADDRESSES:TheGuidelineswillbemadeavailableinseveralways:vi(1)TheelectronicversionwillbeaccessibleontheEPANationalCenterforEnvironmentalAssessmenthomepageontheInternetat(2)3½high-densitycomputerdiskettesinWordPerfectformatwillbeavailablefromORDPublications,TechnologyTransferandSupportDivision,NationalRiskManagementResearchLaboratory,Cincinnati,OH;telephone:[phone];fax:[phone].PleaseprovidetheEPANo.(EPA/630/R-95/002Fa)whenordering.(3)Thisnoticecontainsthefulldocument.(However,becauseofFederalRegisterformatlimitations,textboxesthatwouldnormallybeincludedattheirpointofreferenceinthedocumentareinsteadlistedattheendoftheGuidelinesastextnotes.)CopiesoftheGuidelineswillbeavailableforinspectionatEPAheadquartersandregionallibraries,throughtheU.S.GovernmentDepositoryLibraryprogram,andforpurchasefromtheNationalTechnicalInformationService(NTIS),Springfield,VA;telephone:[phone],fax:[phone].PleaseprovidetheNTISPBNo.(PB98-117849)whenordering.FORFURTHERINFORMATION,CONTACT:RiskAssessmentForum(8061-D),U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,1200PennsylvaniaAvenue,N.W.,WashingtonD.C.20460;telephone[phone],facsimile(202)565-0062,E-mail:[e-mail](Thispdfdocumenthasbeenupdatedtoreflectcurrrentpoint-of-contactinformation.Thetextofthedocumentisotherwiseunchangedfromtheoriginalpublication.)SUPPLEMENTARYINFORMATION:Ecologicalriskassessment“evaluatesthelikelihoodthatadverseecologicaleffectsmayoccurorareoccurringasaresultofexposuretooneormorestressors”(U.S.EPA,1992a).Itisaflexibleprocessfororganizingandanalyzingdata,information,assumptions,anduncertaintiestoevaluatethelikelihoodofadverseecologicaleffects.Ecologicalriskassessmentprovidesacriticalelementforenvironmentaldecisionmakingbygivingriskmanagersanapproachforconsideringavailablescientificinformationalongwiththeotherfactorstheyneedtoconsider(e.g.,social,legal,political,oreconomic)inselectingacourseofaction.TohelpimprovethequalityandconsistencyoftheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency’secologicalriskassessments,EPA’sRiskAssessmentForuminitiateddevelopmentoftheseGuidelines.TheprimaryaudienceforthisdocumentisriskassessorsandriskmanagersatEPA,althoughtheseGuidelinesalsomaybeusefultoothersoutsidetheAgency.TheseGuidelinesexpandonandreplacethe1992reportFrameworkforEcologicalRiskAssessment(referredtoastheFrameworkReport;seeAppendixA).TheywerewrittenbyaForumtechnicalpanelandhavebeenrevisedonthebasisofextensivecommentsf