对外汉语-汉语拼音剖析

两拼(声母+单韵母)aoeiuvaoebbabobibuppapopipummamomemimuffafofuddadediduttatetitunnaneninunvllalolelilulvggagegukkakekuhhahehujjijuqqiquxxixuzhzhazhezhizhuchchachechichushshasheshishurrareriruzzazezizuccacecicussasesisu第一课LessonOne汉语拼音和日常用语ChinesePīnyīn&DailyExpressions目录ChinesePinyinintroductionSimpleVowelsInitalConsonantsTonesOtherVowelsChinesePinyinIntroductionSyllable=InitialConsonant+Vowel+Tonemā=m+a+ˉInitialConsonant：21Vowel：38Tone：41nǐhǎo你好hanzipinyinnǐshengmuyunmushengdiao汉语拼音ChinesePīnyīn•Function:JustlikethephoneticalphabetsinEnglish,PīnyīnhelpsustoreadChinesewords.•Formation:Initials声母shēngmǔFinals韵母yùnmǔTones声调shēngdiàoe.g.你(you)n-i-ˇnǐ好(good,fine)h-ao-ˇhǎo声调shēngdiàoTheChineseputonghuahasfourbasictones.Theyareshownbythetone-marks:ˉ(the1sttone),ˊ(the2ndtone),ˇ(the3rdtone),ˋ(the4thtone).Differenttonesmayexpressdifferentmeanings.声调shēngdiào•bābábǎbà声调shēngdiào•māmámǎmà声调shēngdiào•1.Thetone-markshouldbeplacedoverthevowels,eg:nǐ,gē,bà•2.Whenatone-markisplacedabovethevoweli,thedotoveritmustbeleftout,eg:bǐ,wénjiànjiá•3.Acompoundfinalcarriestwoormorevowels,thetone-markisplacedoverthevowelwhichpronouncedwiththemouthopeningwiderandlouder,usuallya,o,e,eg:lái,piào,dōu声调shēngdiào•轻声（theNeutralTone)•EveryChinesecharacterinChinesePutonghuahasitsspecifictone.Butsometimes,inawordorasentencesomesyllableslosetheiroriginaltonesandbecomeweakandshort,thereforeitiscalledtheneutraltone.Theneutraltonesyllablesareshownbytheabsenceofthetone-mark,forexample:•Bàba爸爸（father,dad)māma妈妈（mother,mum)声母shēngmǔConsonants,21•Whenusedasinitials,thefollowingconsonantsarepronouncedroughlythesameastheyareinEnglish.•bpmfdtnlgkhjs声母shēngmǔConsonants,21•Whenusedasinitials,thefollowingconsonantsarepronouncedquitedifferentlyfromwhattheyareinEnglish.•qxzczhchshr声母shēngmǔ•b•bōluó菠萝(pineapple)bàba爸爸(dad)bù不(no)(similarwithbinBrotherbutnobuffofbreath)声母shēngmǔ•Ppǎobù跑步（running,run)(similartopinportpieButshouldbemorearticulatedwithmoreaspiration)声母shēngmǔ•m•māmā妈妈（mum)mǎi买（buy)（sameasminmanmug)声母shēngmǔ•f•chīfàn吃饭（eating)fēng风（wind)(samewithfinfromfar)声母shēngmǔ•d•dà大（big,huge）dìdi弟弟（youngerbrother)(similarwithdindogdustbutnopuffofbreath)声母shēngmǔ•t•tàiyáng太阳（sun)tèbié特别（verymuch)(similartotintermtidetopButshouldbemorearticulatedwithmoreaspiration)声母shēngmǔ•n•nánrén男人（male,man)ná拿（take,pick,hold)（similarasninnonation)声母shēngmǔ•l•lóng龙（dragon)kuàilè快乐（happy)（sameaslinletterlearn)声母shēngmǔ•g•gēge哥哥（olderbrother)gāo高（tall,high)(Similarwithgingrillgoodbutnopuffofbreath)声母shēngmǔ•k•Kěkěyǐ•渴（thirsty)可以(can)•shàngkè•上课(haveclass)kǎoshì考试（exam)(similartokinkeyButshouldbemorearticulatedwithmoreaspiration)声母shēngmǔ•h•hēshuǐ(drinkwater)•hé河（river)hǎihěn海（sea)很（toomuch)(hsoundslike“h”intheEnglishword“her”heart,butitmustbeaddedmorefrictionofthebreaththanitisinEnglish.)声母shēngmǔ•j•jī鸡（chicken)jiā家（home)(jinJeep)声母shēngmǔ•q•qī七（seven)qián钱（money)•qīzi(wife)(chincheese)声母shēngmǔ•x•xī西（thewest)xǐhuān喜欢（like)•xuéxí•学习(study)•(shinsheep)声母shēngmǔ•z•zì字（characters)zuò坐（sit)(similarwithdsinfriendszinzero)声母shēngmǔ•c•cài菜（vegetable,dishes)cāi猜（guess)(similarwiththetsinbitsstudents)声母shēngmǔ•s•sì四（four)sīniàn思念（misssomeone)(similartosinstudent)声母shēngmǔ•zh•zhè这（this)zhàn站（stand)zhīdào(know)(similarwithdgeinjudge)声母shēngmǔ•ch•chī吃（eat）cháng长（long)(similartochinchurch,butmusthavesrongpuffofbreath)声母shēngmǔ•sh•lǎoshī老师（teacher)shí十(ten)(similartoshinshirt)声母shēngmǔ•r•rén人（human,people)rè热（hot)(similartorinrun)声母shēngmǔTest:listenandchoosetheInitialsyouhear.bpmfdtnlgkhjqxzhchshrzcsaoeiuüdānyùnmǔ单韵母：aainFatherāyí阿姨bàbɑ爸爸māmɑ妈妈oAwWǒ我fó佛eUhèkuàilèlekě饿快乐了可iEseebeenǐmǐfàn4你米饭uooinLoopbookbùxínɡbùzhīdào不行不知道ü(First,trytopronouncei,andthenyourtonguestayshere,graduallypurseyourlips.Tryityourself)yúxiàyǔlǜsè鱼下雨绿色韵母yùnmǔ39,vowels,orvowel+n/ng•Singlefinals•aāáǎà•oōóǒò•eēéěè•iīíǐì•uūúǔù•üǖǘǚǜfùyùnmǔ复韵母（componundfinals）aieiaoouiaieuauoüeaiai(asinhigh)wǒàinǐkěài我爱你可爱zàibái在白zàijiàn再见ei(likealongaortheeiineight)lèihēi累黑ao-ao(asinhoworout)hǎomāoshǎolǎoɡāozǎoshɑnɡhǎo好猫少老高早上好ou(liketheowinloworboat)dōuɡǒukǒushǒuzǒu都狗口手走iaia(likeyainyard)jiā家ie-ie(likeyeinyes)biéjiérìxièxiè别节日谢谢ua-ua(ufollowedbya)kuāhuāzhuāshuā夸花抓刷uo-uo(asinwar)cèsuǒduōshǎoɡuójiā厕所多少国家üexuéxíxuéshenɡxuéxiàodàxuéyuēhuì学习学生学校大学约会sānchóngyùnmǔ三重韵母（finalsconsistingof3singlefinals）uaiuei(ui)iaoiou(iu)uai-uai(likewiinwild)shuàihuàishuāi帅坏衰Uei(ui)-ui(similartoway)duìbúduìɡuìhuìbúhuìshuǐshuí对不对贵会不会水谁iao-iao(likeyowinyowl)jiàojiǎobiǎoniǎoliáotiānxiǎo叫脚表鸟聊天小iou(iu)-iu(likeyoinyoga)diūniúliù丢牛六bíyùnmǔ鼻韵母（nasalfinals）qiánbíyùnmǔ前鼻韵母(frontnasalfinals)aneninianuen(un)uanüanan-an(likethesoundsofJohnorangry)mànchīfànhànyǔhěnnán慢吃饭汉语很难en-en(like“eninopen)rénzhōnɡɡuóréntàiɡuórén人中国人泰国人zěnmeyànɡzhēnzhēndemɑ怎么样真真的吗in-in(asinbin)nínjīntiānxīn您今天新ian-ian(similartoyen)qiánduōshǎoqiánmiàntiáofàndiàn钱多少钱面条饭店uan-uan(ufollowedbyan)luànduǎnɡuānmén乱短关门uen(un)Aswhenyúnkūnmínɡchūntiān云昆明春天ÜanÜn-uanun(üfollowedbyann,onlywithinitialsj,q,x)yuǎnquànxuǎnzé远劝选择hòubíyīnyùnmǔ后鼻音韵母(backnasalfinals)angengingongianguengionguangang(likethesoundofunderorrang')pànɡmánɡzhānɡs