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被动语态由助动词be的时态之一和及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态可以用于各种时态，其时态变化通过助动词be的不同形式来体现。如：一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时：was／were+过去分词一般将来时：will(shall)+be+过去分词/begoingto+be+过去分词现在进行时：is／am／are+being+过去分词过去时进行：was／were+being+过去分词现在完成时：has／have+been+过去分词过去完成时：had+been+过去分词动词不定式：tobe+过去分词情态动词：must+be+过去分词can+be+过去分词may+be+过去分词should+be+过去分词might+be+过去分词could+be+过去分词oughtto+be+过去分词III.含有两个宾语的主动结构变为被动结构主动语态结构中若有两个宾语，变为被动语态结构时，只将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语不变，通常称为保留宾语。例如：主动语态：：Weallowedhimanhourtogettotheairport.我们给他一个小时到达机场。(句中him是间接宾语，anhour是直接宾语)被动语态：Hewasallowedanhourtogettotheairport.允许他一个小时到达机场。(句中anhour是保留宾语)Anhourwasallowedhimtogettotheairport．他可有一个小时到达机场。(句中him是保留宾语)IV.含有复合宾语的主动结构变为被动结构主动语态结构中如有复合宾语(即宾语十宾语补足语)，变为被动语态结构时只将原复合宾语中的宾语变为主语，宾语补足语部分不变，但语法上称为主语补足语。例如：主动语态：WeadvisedhertopracticespeakingEnglish.我们建议她练习说英语。(句中her是宾语，topracticespeakingEnglish是宾语补足语。)被动语态：ShewasadvisedtopracticespeakingEnglish.有人建议她练习说英语。(句中She是主语,topracticespeakingEnglish是主语补足语。)二.各种句型见下列图表陈述句以teach为例一般现在时IamtaughtEnglish.一般过去时You（你）weretaughtEnglishlastweek.一般将来时WeshallbetaughtEnglishnextweek.现在进行时You（你们）arebeingtaughtEnglishnow过去时进行TheywerebeingtaughtEnglishat10.00yesterdaymorning.现在完成时HehasbeentaughtEnglishforthreeyears.过去完成时HehadbeentaughtEnglishforthreeyearsbefore1998.动词不定式ShewantstobetaughtEnglish.情态动词ItmaybetaughtEnglish.否定句一般现在时IamnottaughtEnglish.一般过去时YouwerenottaughtEnglishlastweek.一般将来时WeshallnotbetaughtEnglishnextweek.现在进行时YouarenotbeingtaughtEnglishnow过去时进行TheywerenotbeingtaughtEnglishat10.00yesterdaymorning.现在完成时HehasnotbeentaughtEnglishforthreeyears.过去完成时HehadnotbeentaughtEnglishforthreeyearsbefore1998.动词不定式Shedoesn’twanttobetaughtEnglish.情态动词ItmaynotbetaughtEnglish.一般疑问句一般现在时AmItaughtEnglish?一般过去时WereyoutaughtEnglishlastweek?一般将来时ShallwebetaughtEnglishnextweek?现在进行时AreyoubeingtaughtEnglishnow?过去时进行WeretheybeingtaughtEnglishat10.00yesterdaymorning?现在完成时HashebeentaughtEnglishforthreeyears?过去完成时HadhebeentaughtEnglishforthreeyearsbefore1998.动词不定式DoesshewanttobetaughtEnglish?情态动词MayitbetaughtEnglish?特殊疑问句WhyamItaughtEnglish?whatwereyoutaughtlastweek?WhereshallwebetaughtEnglishnextweek?Whatareyoubeingtaughtnow?WhowerebeingtaughtEnglishat10.00yesterdaymorning?HowlonghashebeentaughtEnglish?HowlonghadhebeentaughtEnglishbefore1998?WhydoesshewanttobetaughtEnglish?WhenmayitbetaughtEnglish?注：特殊疑问词还有：whom(作宾语),whose,which,等EXERCISES三.GrammarExercises(语法练习)I.Puttheverbsinthecorrectform.（用动词的正确形式填空）l.Thestudents(invite)byustoapartyeveryweekend.2.Theanimals(kill)byafirelastyear.3.Thehotel(rebuild)bythoseworkersnow.4.Thechild(bring)homebythepolicealready.5.Thisfilm(show)nextweek.6.Theroom(must,clean)every.7.Iproposeatleast60000shirtsare(sell)inthefirstyear.8.Importsmay(control)to(protect)ahomeindustry.9.Exportsmayalso(restrict)toconserveaparticularrawmaterial.10.Importingandexporting(subject)toalotofformalities.11.Suchsamplesastextilesandfabrics(enclose)withtheletter,whilelarge-sizedonesaresentoffseparately.12.Businesscanalso(conduct)byspecificationsratherthanbysamples.II.Beginyourquestionwiththewordsinbrackets.（就划线部分提问）l.Thestudentwillbeinvitedbyustoapartynextweek.2.Theywerekilledinacarcrashlastweek.3.Thebridgeisbeingrepairedbythoseworkersnow.4.Theoldmanwasbroughthomebythepoliceyesterday.5.Thisfilmhasbeenshownthreetimes.IV.Singlechoice（单选）1.Youmayusemybicyclewhenyours.A.repairedB.isrepairingC.isbeingrepairedD.repairs2.Nowthesemagazinesinthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.hadkeptC.havebeenkeptD.werekept3.Isawyourbrotherwhenhetohospitalaftertheaccident.A.beingtakenB.wasbeingtakenC.hasbeentakenD.betaken4.Manynewoilfieldsuponeafterantherinourcountry.A.willbeopenedB.hasopenedC.openD.isbeingopened5.Muchattentionmusttothedevelopmentoscienceandtechnology.A.payB.topayC.bepaidD.havepaid6.Iwouldn’tobjecttosomequestions.A.beaskedB.beaskingC.askD.beingasked7.Theparty’spolicy.A.hasbeensuccessfullycarriedoutB.hasbeensuccessfullycarriedC.havebeensuccessfullycarriedoutD.hassuccessfullycarried8.Shewasadvisedthemedicine.A.takingB.totakeC.takeD.took9.Thechildrenbythenurse.A.aretakengoodcareB.havebeengoodcareofC.aretakengoodcareofD.willtakegoodcare10.ThemeetinginRoom121tomorrowmorning.A.isheldB.washeldC.willholdD.willbeheld11.Heisknownanadvancedworker.A.tobeB.beC.beingD.is12.Thenewunbreakableplatecanevenoveraflame.A.hotB.behotC.heatD.beheated13.Allkindsofvegetablesinthefreemarket.A.canbuyB.canbeboughtC.isboughtD.willbuy14.MayIuseyourtypewriter?Mine.A.isbeingrepairedB.isbeingrepairingC.hasrepairedD.arerepaired15.Theseenginesbyhand,nowtheybyelectricity.A.usedtobestarted,arestartedB.usedtostart,arestartedC.usedtobestarted,startD.usedtostart,start