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新视野三版读写B2U7TextAWomanatthemanagementlevel1WhenMonicaappliedforajobasanadministrativeassistantin1971,shewasaskedwhethershewouldratherworkforamaleorafemaleattorney.Iimmediatelysaidaman,shesays.Ifeltthatamale-boss/female-employeerelationshipwasmorenatural,needingnopersonalaccommodationwhatsoever.But20yearslater,whenshewasaskedthesamequestion,shesaid,Iwaspleasantlysurprisedthatfemalebossesaremuchmoreaccessibletotheiremployees;they'remuchmoresensitiveandintimatewiththeiremployees.2Femalebossestodayarestillfindingtheyfacesubtleresistance.Thereisstillasegmentofthepopulation,bothmenand,surprisingly,womenwhoreportlowtoleranceforfemalebosses.Thegrowingpresenceoffemalebosseshasalsoprovokedtwomajorquestionsthatrevolvearoundstyles:Domenandwomenmanagedifferently,and,ifso,isthatagoodthing?3Monicaisdisposedtothinkso,onbothcounts.Nowa40-year-oldmotheroffour,sheispresidentofapublicsectorlaborunionwith45,000members.Relationswithmyemployeesareprobablydifferentfromthoseofmalemanagersprecedingme,shesays.Iknowwhatit'sliketohavetocallandsaymykidgotthemumpssoIwon'tbecomingin.Ihaveamoreflexiblestyle—notsoft,justmoreunderstanding.ThemanwhoisMonica'sassistantagrees,Shetendstodelegatemoreandisalwayslookingforaconsensus.Peoplearehappyandflourishbecausetheyhaveaninputintodecisionsandtheyarenotmerebystanders;theirenergiesareharnessed.Ontheotherhand,consensustakeslonger.4So,arethedifferencessymbolicorreal?Plausiblestudiessuggestthatmenaretypicallyhierarchical,goal-orientedandfeelentitled.Women,bycontrast,managediplomatically,andsharepower.Thatpointofviewisoftenchallengedandargued.Someproclaimthatmenandwomenofsimilarbackgrounds,experienceandaspirationsbasicallymanageinthesameway.Thisviewisechoedbyyoungerwomen,especiallythosewhohaveencounteredlittlegenderdiscrimination.ThatwascertainlythelessonforNicole.Whenherfatherdiedofaheartattack,shewasanemployeeatapetroleumproductsexportcompany.Shequitandtookoverherfamily's160-acrefruitfarminSt.David'sCounty.Onherfirstdayinthefield,aworkercalledherdarling.Hewastryingtotestme.Iwasshakingwithanger,saysNicole,now34.Istooderectandsaid,‘Youwouldn'thavecalledmyfatherdarlingandyou'renotgoingtotakethatlibertywithme.Ifyoudo,I'llfireyou.'5Whenwomenworkforwomen,adifferentdynamicoftentakesover.Susan,acashierinaTorontoauctionhouse,saysthatshehasexploredfriendshipswithsomeofherfemalebossesandfeelsshecanrelyonthemmore.Whilewomenmayfeelmoreateasewithafemaleboss,menoftenhavetomakeconcessionstothenewworkingstyles.Brian,amarinebiologist,says,IttookmeacoupleofyearsbeforeIfeltcomfortableenoughtorelaxaroundafemalemanager.Infact,myrelationswithherweremuchmorebusinesslike.6Tosomeextent,themale-femaledifferencescomedowntoconflictingstyles.Onefemalevice-presidentdiscussedthetimesheburstintotearsduringameeting.Menthinkthattearsareanuclearweaponinaconventionalwar.Theytakeexceptiontoawomancrying,inferringthatshe'sfeelingunhappyorviolated.Themenfailedtounderstandthatwhatpromptedhertearswasnothurtbutgenuinerage.Whenwecry,it'sbecausewehaveallthisvalidragethathasnoappropriaterelease,shesays.Womencry;mengetreliefbygoingonwiththeoffenseorbyveilingtheirfeelingstoappearcomposed.7Deborah,presidentofafirmwithitsheadquartersinToronto,saysthatevenifmendounderstand,theysometimesreactdifferentlytotheidenticalinformationandtohercooperativemanagementstyle.8Deborahsaysthatherauthorityissometimesunderminedbyperceptionsabouthergender.Itstemsfromthewholesocialcontextoftraditionalrolesformenandwomen,shesays.Momwouldtellyoutodothings,butperhapsyouwouldn'ttakeasmuchnoticeaswhenDadtoldyoutodothings.Menalsohaveastrongerurgetocontrol,shesays.9Forfemalebosses,thegreatexpectationofsomefemaleemployeesisonemoreobstacle.Juniorwomenassumeafemalebosswillpromotethemmorequicklythanamanwould.But,theyalsoexpectfemalebossestobemoreself-sufficient.Theyask,‘Whycan'tyouscanyourownstuff?'or‘Whycan'tyoudoyourownfiling?'saysoneseniorfemaleexecutive.10Ontheotherhand,thereisnodisputethatafewdecadesagotheywouldrarelyhavehadafemalebossintheworkplace.Nina,amanagementconsultantsaysshe'svaguelyoptimistic.I'mlookingforwardtotheday,beforeIdie,whenwerecognizethatthebestmanagementstyleswillbecomposedofthebestthatbothgendersbringtothetable...Well,shepauses,maybenotbeforeshedies,perhapsinherdaughter'slifetime.LanguagePoints:1WhenMonicaappliedforajobasanadministrativeassistantin1971,shewasaskedwhethershewouldratherworkforamaleorafemaleattorney.(Para.1)Meaning:Monicawasaskedifshewouldliketoworkforamaleorafemalelawyerwhensheappliedforamanagingjobatalawfirmin1971.Sentencestructurenote:“wouldrather”句型1wouldrather的意思是“宁愿；宁可；更；最好；还是…为好”，后接动词原形，表示优先选择的一种方式。其否定形式是wouldrathernotdosth.,wouldrather没有人称和数的变化，所有的人称一律用wouldrather。例如：Ifyou/hewouldratherbealone,we’llallleavehere.如果你/他宁愿独自呆着，那我们会都离开这儿。2wouldrather后接从句时，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时，表示希望或宁愿某人按某特定的方式做某事，这个结构常常表达的是现在或将来的行为。例如：I’dratheryoudidn’tmakeanycommentontheissueforthetimebeing.我想目前你还是不要对此事发表任何评论。2“Ifeltthatamale-boss/female-employeerelationshipwasmorenatural,needingnopersonalaccommodationwhatsoever.”(Para.1)Meaning:Ifeltthattherewasnoneedtocompromis