壳管式干式蒸发器设计说明书

毕业设计（论文）题目名称：50kW壳管式干式蒸发器设计学院名称：能源与环境学院班级：学号：学生姓名：指导教师：2014年5月论文编号：20100112413050kW壳管式干式蒸发器设计50kWtubularDXevaporatordesign学院名称：能源与环境学院班级：学号：学生姓名：指导教师：2014年5月中原工学院能源与环境学院毕业论文（设计）I摘要换热器是化工生产中重要的设备之一，它是一种冷热流体间传递热量的设备，其中壳管式换热器应用最为广泛。本设计为壳管式干式蒸发器的设计，换热器类型选择为U型管式换热器。U型管式换热器仅有一个管板，两端均固定于同一管板上，管子可以自由伸缩，无热应力，热补偿性能好；管程采用双管程，流程较长，流速较高，传热性能较好，承压能力强，结构比较简单、价格便宜，适用于管、壳壁温差较大或者壳程介质易结垢需要清洗又不适宜采用浮头式和固定管板式的场合，特别适用于管内走清洁而不易结垢的高温、高压、腐蚀性强的物料。U型管式换热器的主要结构包括管箱、筒体、封头、换热管、接管、折流板、防冲板和导流筒、防短路结构、支座及管壳程的其他附件等。随着国家对节能产品的提倡，满液式机组也越来越受到欢迎。满液式机组与普通冷水机组的区别就在于蒸发器采用了满液式蒸发器，而普通冷水机组采用干式蒸发器。满液式蒸发器与干式蒸发器二者的明显区别在于制冷剂流程的不同，满液式蒸发器制冷剂走壳程，制冷剂从壳体下部进入，在传热管外流动并受热沸腾，蒸汽从壳体上部排出。干式蒸发器中制冷剂走管程，即制冷剂从端盖下部进入传热管束，在管内流动受热蒸发，蒸汽从端盖上部排出。换热器作为传热设备随处可见，在工业中应用非常普遍，特别是耗能用量十分大的领域，随着节能技术的飞速发展，换热器的种类开发越来越多。关键词：干式蒸发器，U型管式换热器，结构，设计计算中原工学院能源与环境学院毕业论文（设计）IIAbstractHeatexchangerisoneoftheimportantequipmentinchemicalindustry，ittransferheatbetweencoldandheatfluid.Inthisheatexchangerthetubularheatexchangerismostwidelyused.ThisdesignisatubularDXevaporator.ThetypeoftheheatexchangeristheUtypeheatexchanger.Utypeheatexchangerwithatubeplate,bothendsofwhicharefixedonthesametubeplates,tubescanbefreelytelescopic,thermalstress,thermalcompensationperformanceisgood;tubewithdoubletubepass,longerprocess,theflowvelocityishigher,theheattransferperformanceisgood,strongbearingability,simplestructure,cheapprice,appliedtothetube,thelargertemperaturedifferencebetweentheshellwallorshellpassmediumeasyscalingneedscleaningandnotsuitableforfloatingheadtypeandfixedtubeplateoccasions,especiallysuitableforthetubeawaycleanandnoteasytoscalethehightemperature,highpressure,strongcorrosivematerials.Utypeheatexchangermainstructureconsistsofatubebox,cylinder,head,tube,pipe,baffleplate,frontpanelanddrafttube,shortcircuitprotectionstructure,supportandotheraccessoriessuchaspipeshell.Floodedchillerisbeingmoreandmorepopularwithourgovernment’spromotionofenergysavingproducts．Themajordifferencebetweenfloodedchillerandnormalchilleristheirevaporatorinstalledinside，floodedevaporatorwasinstalledinfloodedchillerwhileDXevaporatorinnormalchiller．Theobviousdifferenceofthesetwokindsofchillersistheirrefrigerationpasses．Inthefloodedchiller，refrigerantrunsintoshellfromthebottom，thenflowsoutsideofheatexchangingpiping，beingheatedandboiled，turnsintovaporandbeingdischargedfromthetopofshel1．InDXevaporator，refrigerantrunsinsidetubes．Itenterstubebundlesfromthebottomofendcover，flowsinsidethetubes，beingheatedandevaporates，thenbeingdischargedfromtopofendcover．Heatexchangeriswideusedinindustry，specialinenergyconsumptionfield.Asenergy-savingtechnologymoving,，moreseriousheartexchangerwillappear.Keywords：DXevaporator，Utypeheatexchanger，structure，designandcalculation中原工学院能源与环境学院毕业论文（设计）目录1绪论........................................................................................................................11.1课题的提出和研究内容.................................................................................11.1.1课题背景..............................................................................................11.1.2课题任务..............................................................................................21.2干式蒸发器.....................................................................................................21.2.1干式蒸发器简介..................................................................................21.2.2干式蒸发器与满液式蒸发器的区别..................................................21.3壳管式换热器.................................................................................................31.3.1壳管式换热器简介..............................................................................31.3.2壳管式换热器分类..............................................................................41.3.3壳管式换热器的发展..........................................................................62设计与计算的理论概述............................................................................................82.1壳管式换热器的结构.....................................................................................82.1.1管程结构..............................................................................................82.2.2壳程结构..............................................................................................82.2管程和壳程数的确定.....................................................................................92.3流动空间的选择.............................................................................................92.4流体流速的选择...........................................................................................112.4流体流动方式的选择...................................................................................122.5流体温度和流体终温的确定.......................................................................122.6材质的选择...................................................................................................123结构初步设计计算..................................................................................................133.1设计方案确定/..............................................................................................133.2