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2011高考英语《语法》专题复习系列课件09《虚拟语气》一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气三、主语从句中的虚拟语气四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气五、状语从句中的虚拟语气六、几种特殊的虚拟语气考题点击：1.Iamnotfreetoday.IfI___freetoday,I__andvisitsomeofmyfriends.A.amwillgoB.were,wouldgoC.shallbeD.be,mustgo2.Ifmylawyer___herelastSaturday,he__mefromgoing.A.hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen,wouldpreventC.were,wouldpreventD.were,wouldhaveprevented3.IfIweretoseeTom,what___you___metotellhim?A.are,goingtoaskB.do,askC.would,askD.did,askBAC•陈述语气Ifdo/does主句will+do•虚拟语气现在ifdidwould+do•过去haddonewouldhavedone将来didshoulddowoulddoweretodo时态从句主句表示现在过去时(be---were)should+动词原形would+动词原形could+动词原形might+动词原形1.和现在的事实相反一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气时态从句主句表示过去had+过去分词should+have+过去分词would+have+过去分词could+have+过去分词might+have+过去分词2.和过去的事实相反时态从句主句表示将来should+动词原形would+动词原形could+动词原形might+动词原形3.和将来的事实相反1)wereto+动词原形2)should+动词原形3)动词过去式•要不是ifitwerenotthefactthatIcan'tswimIwouldgoswimmingwiththem•倒装：Wereitnotforthefact......•Ifithadnotbeenthefactthatwouldhavedone•butfor+名词、代词（hishelp/myteacher）.wouldhavedone•ifonly要是就好了（did、haddone）•withoutyourhelpIcouldn'thavefinishedit•宾语从句•wish+从句did/haddone/woulddo•wouldrather+从句did/haddone•suggest/order/insist/demand/require+从句(should)do•It'stime+从句did、（shoulddo）1.考题点击：1.Iwenttobedearlylastnight,butIwishIso.A.didn’tdoB.hadn’tdoneC.haven’tdoneD.couldn’tdo2.HowIwisheveryfamily____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden.A.hasB.hadC.willhadD.hadhad3.Theteacherorderedthatstudents_______.A.mustn’tsmokeB.notsmokeC.smokedD.hadsmoked4.Theteacherdemandedthatthework_____before4o’clock.A.finishedB.finishC.shouldfinishD.befinishedBBBD二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态。例如:1)与现在事实相反:wish+(that)+did(were)IwishIwereashealthyasyou.IwishthatIhadaplane.2)与过去事实相反:wish+(that)+haddoneIwishIhadbeentotheconcertlastnight.Iwishyouhadwrittentohim.3)与将来事实相反:wish+would/could/might+doIwishhewouldforgiveme.2.在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。“should”可以省略。常见的动词有:一个坚持insist;两个命令order,command;三条建议suggest,advise,propose;四项要求demand,request,require,ask;另外有:prefer注意:suggest表暗示表明时insist表坚持认为时不用虚拟语气Heorderedthatthestudents(should)washtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.Thedoctorsuggestedthatshe(should)haveanoperationatonce.1.考题点击：2.Isitnecessarythathe_____theexamination?A.takesB.hastotakeC.musttakeD.take2.Itisstrangethathe_____youthis.A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.hadtoldD.hastold3.Itwasorderedthatnosmoking____inthelibrary.A.shouldallowB.beallowedC.willbeallowedD.isallowedDBB1.三、主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型：1.Itbe+过去分词+that…+(should)+动词原形+…过去分词：suggested,requested,ordered,proposed…Itisrequiredthatnobody(should)smokehere.It’ssuggestedthateverybody(should)buyadictionary.2.Itbe+形容词+that…+(should)+动词原形+…形容词:important,necessary,natural,right,wrong,better,proper,funny,strange,surprising…Itisnecessarythatwe(should)haveawalknow.It'simportantthatwe(should)takegoodcareofthepatient.3.Itbe+名词（apity/ashame/nowonder）that…+(should)+动词原形+…考题点击：1.Hissuggestionthatyou_____oncemoresoundsreasonable.A.tryB.triesC.musttryD.cantry2.Hegaveanadvicethatthey____eachother.A.helpedB.musthelpC.helpD.hadhelped3.Mysuggestionisthatafewmorepeople___theretohelpme.A.besentB.havesentC.sentD.shouldsentACA四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice,decision等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)leaveatonce.1)表语从句:2)同位语从句:Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.考题点击：1.Wefeltasifwe_____eachotherforyears.A.knewB.wereknowingC.hadknownD.haveknowing2.Hetookawaytheoxygentankforfearthatit______.A.mayexploreB.explodedC.explodeD.hadexplodeCC五、状语从句中的虚拟语气1、用在由asif,asthough引导的状语从句中，表示和现在事实相反或对现在的怀疑，用过去时；表示过去想象中的动作或情况，用过去完成时;表示将来用would+动词原形。Itseemsasifthemanwerehisbrother.Thisdeviceoperatedasthoughithadbeenrepaired.2.用在lest,forfearthat和incase引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用should+动词原形或动词原形。Sheclosedthewindowslestshecatchcold.六、几种特殊的虚拟语气1)虚拟倒装句1.Wereit(=Ifitwere)notfortheirhelp,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.2.HadI(=IfIhad)knownaboutit,Iwouldhavetoldyou.3.Shouldanyone(=Ifanyoneshould)call,pleasetakeamessage.Whatwouldhavehappened,_____asfarastheriverbank?(01上海)A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfartherC考题点击：2)错综条件句Ifyou_____himyesterday,you_____whattodonow.A.asked…wouldknowB.hadasked…wouldhaveknownC.askedhim…knowD.hadasked…wouldknowDIfyouhadn’tboughttheticketlastweek,howwouldyougonow?考题点击：3)介词短语表条件Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavesucceeded.Nothingcouldlivewithoutthesun.考题点击：Withoutyourhelp,we____suchrapidprogress.A.couldn’tmakeB.wouldn’tmakeC.willnothavemadeD.wouldn’thavemadeD4)情境中提供虚拟语气Supposetherewerenogravity,objectswouldnotfalltothegroundwhendropped.Shewasn’tfeelingverywell.Otherwiseshewouldn’thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.考题点击：Iwentbyplane;otherwiseI____muchlongertime.A.couldtakeB.wouldtakeC.willhavetakenD.wouldhavetakenD5)比较ifonly与onlyifonlyif表示“只有”；Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.ifonly则表示“如果……就好了”。其从句中的谓语动词用过去时或过去完成时。IfonlyIknewmore.Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.Ifonly也可用于陈述语气。Ifonlyhecomesearly.Ifonlygrandmother____thistogetherwithusnow.A.willseeB.couldseeC.mustseeD.shouldseeB考题点击：6)It’s(high/low)time从句：Itis(high