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动名词Grammar动名词的定义它是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。基本形式为:v-ing,动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。动名词有时态和语态的变化。动名词的时态和语态的基本形式：（以write为例）时态语态一般时完成时主动语态writinghavingwritten被动语态beingwrittenhavingbeenwritten注意：动名词的否定形式是：notwritingV-ing形式的构成方式：1.在一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加词尾–ing。eg.go–going;do–doing;ask–asking;read---readingstudy–studying;carry–carrying;fly–flying;worry–worrying;2.在以不发音的e结尾的动词后，去掉e，再加-ing。eg.come–cominglive–livingdance–dancingmake–making3.在闭音节的单音节动词后、以重读闭音节结尾的多音节动词，而末尾只有一个辅音字母时，将这个辅音字母双写（x除外），然后再加–ing.sit–sitting;run–running;begin–beginning;forget–forgetting4.在少数几个以–ie结尾的动词后：须将–ie变作y，再加-ing。(这些动词词典一般均注明)eg.die–dying;tie–tyinglie–lying性质主语表语宾语宾补定语状语动名词n.pron.动名词能在句中充当什么成分？动名词的基本用法１．用作主语所表动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作。Playingwithfireisdangerous.Climbingmountainsisreallyfun.注意：动名词做主语，有时先用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。1)Itisnouse/good/useless+doing…2)Itisawasteoftime+doing…3)Itisfun+doing…在以上两种结构中常用动名词作主语。It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(覆水难收）Thereisnojokingaboutthematter.Itisfunplayingwithchildren.和孩子们一起玩真好。2.用作宾语1）作动词的宾语某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,giveup,cannothelp,imagine,include,keep,keepon,mind,miss,putoff,delay,practise,resist,suggest,dependon,thinkabout,setabout,succeedin,worryabout,burstout,insiston,can’tstand,beusedto,getusedto,devote…to…,lookforwardto,payattentionto,getdownto等。如：Theywentonwalkingandneverstoppedtalking.他们继续走，说个不停。Ifounditpleasantwalkingalongtheseashore.在海滩上走真是乐事。为了便于记忆，特归纳如下：后跟-ing的动词的顺口溜：避免，错过，（少）延期建议，完成，（多）练习喜欢，想象，禁不住承认，否定，（又）妒忌逃避，冒险，（多）原谅忍受，保持，（不）介意avoid,miss,postpone/putoffsuggest,finish,practiceenjoy,imagine,can’thelpadmit,deny,envyescape,risk,excusestand,keep,mind2）作介词的宾语Wearethinkingofmakinganewplanforthenextterm.我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。Shallwehavearestorgetdowntodoingourwork?我们休息呢还是开始干活？Despitelackingmoney,hisparentssenthimtoagooduniversity.Hewaslateagainbecauseofgettinguplate.Lockthedoorsandwindowsbeforegoingout.What/Howaboutthetwoofusplayinggames？注意：to在下列短语中是介词，常跟动名词作宾语。be/getusedtolookforwardtogetdowntopayattentiontodevoteoneselftoleadtocontributetoobjectto（反对）．．．Let’sgetdowntopreparingfortheexam.3)动名词用在下列词组后作宾语：giveup,can’thelp,feellike,beworth,bebusy,setabout,putoff,thinkof，insiston等Shecan’thelpcryingatthesadsight.Doyoufeellikehavingabreak?4)既可接动名词又可接不定式的常用动词有：remember,forget,regret,mean,try等，但表达的意义不同。Irememberseeingheratthehotel.我记得在宾馆见过她。(动作发生了)Iwillremembertoseeheratthehotel.我记着要去宾馆见她。(动作尚未发生)1．remember/forget/regrettodo动作尚未发生doing动作已经发生2.trytodo设法、努力去做，尽力doing试试去做（看有何结果）3.meantodo打算做（主语一般是人）doing意味着（主语一般是物）4.regrettodo对将要做的事抱歉doing对已经发生的事感到后悔1．remember/forgettodo动作尚未发生doing动作已经发生2.trytodo设法、努力去做，尽力doing试试去做（看有何结果）3.meantodo打算做（主语一般是人）doing意味着（主语一般是物）4.regrettodo对将要做的事抱歉doing对已经发生的事感到后悔5.stoptodo停下去做另外一件事doing停止做手头的事情Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows.你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaningthewindowsisyourtask.)WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。(BeinglaughedatiswhatIhatemost.)３．作表语动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。１）动名词的逻辑主语及复合结构Wouldyoumind_____（我开窗户吗）？Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?my称为动名词的逻辑主语．Ican’tunderstandJack’sleavinghiswife.Ican’tunderstandhisleavinghiswife.Jack’s/Hisleavinghiswifeisunbelievable.动名词的逻辑主语＋动名词＝动名词的复合结构动名词的几个注意事项2.动名词的被动形式:beingdoneTheofficersnarrowlyescaped___________(kill)inthehotbattle.3.动名词的否定形式：notdoingnothavingdoneYouwillbepunishedfornotfinishingyourhomeworkontime.beingkilled