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中考专题复习宾语从句和定语从句1.宾语从句的时态、语序及引导词。2.宾语从句的简化形式。3.关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。4.关系代词的特殊用法。宾语从句TheObjectClause宾语从句1．引导词(1)在that引导的宾语从句中，若是陈述句作宾语，that可以省略。Theradiosays(that)itwillraintomorrow.收音机报道说明天要下雨。(2)连接代词which，what，who等或连接副词how,where,why,when等引导的特殊疑问句作宾语的从句时，从句改用陈述语序。Couldyoutellme______________toyou?你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗？whathesaid在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句(3)whether或if引导的一般疑问句或选择疑问句作宾语的从句时，从句改用陈述语序。Iwonder__________youhavetoldthenewstoLiLei.我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这个消息了。[注意]下列几种情况通常使用whether：①具有选择意义且又有or或ornot，尤其是直接与ornot连用时，往往用whether；②介词之后用whether；③不定式前用whether。if/whether2．时态(1)当主句为过去时态时，从句要用相应的过去时态。WeaskedwhatJeanwasdoingthen.我们问琼那时正在做什么。(2)当从句表述的是客观真理或普遍规律时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。Lisaaskedwhetherlight______fasterthansound.丽萨问光的传播速度是否比声音快。travels/goes语序：陈述句语序即：主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）Doyouremember____________(他多大岁数)?当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变：What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?Whathappened?eg:Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?howoldheis[提醒]宾语从句与简单句的转换由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词＋todo”结构的简单句。Idon'tknowwhatIshouldsay.→Idon'tknowwhat_______．我不知道要说什么。tosay定语从句TheAttributiveClause引导定语从句的关系代词有who(whose,whom),which,that。关系代词的基本用法：定语从句考点一关系代词的基本用法作主语作宾语作定语指人who/thatwho/whom/thatwhose指物which/thatwhich/thatwhose1.ThemanisClinton.2..IknowPrimeministerWenwho/thatiswearingaredtiewhomwelove.关系代词先行词关系代词先行词3.Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen关系代词先行词1).先行词是anyone,someone,those时，关系词使用who①ThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallareourfriends.②Isthereanyonewhowantstogothere?who、that在指人时,可以通用,但下列宜用who,不用that如果先行词是指人,关系代词可用who,that,whom,whose(用做定语)2).在therebe句型中，先行词指人,关系词用who①Thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.②Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.如果先行词指物,关系代词可用______或______在什么情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which？whichthat注意：！！介词提前时只能用which而不能用that。Isthisthelibraryyouborrowbooks?fromwhichfromthatFillinthegaps:1.Theterribletyphoonkilledthepeopleandcattle______wereinthefields.2.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree_______isinfrontofourschoolgate.3.Thisistheverything_____Iwaslookingfor.thatthatthat4.Thisisthesecondnovel______Ihaveeverread.5.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenme.6.Whoistheman_______isreadingunderthetree?7.Myhometownisnotthesameone_______itusedtobetwentyyearsago.thatthatthatthat一.当关系代词在从句中作主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上必须与先行词保持一致。e.g.1.Thosewhowanttogotothecinemamustbeattheschoolgateby3:30p.m..2.Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.二.当先行词的结构为oneof+n.(pl.)时，从句的谓语动词必须用复数形式；但是如果在one前有the或only时，从句的谓语动词必须用单数形式。e.g.1.SheistheonlyoneofthegirlswhohasbeentoBeijing.2.Heisoneoftheboyswhohaveseenthefilm.三.当先行词是表示时间或地点的名词或代词时，并非都用when或where来引导从句，关键是看关系词在从句中的语法作用。e.g.•ThetimewhenIwenttoTokyoisin1986.•I’llneverforgetthetimewhich/thatIspentatcollege.•TheshopwhichIboughtisbig.•Theshopwhere/inwhichIboughtthebookisbig.定语从句应注意的事项Practice单项选择1.Thereisnothing____Icando.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what2.I'llneverforgettheday____Ifirstmether.A.whatB.whoC.whichD.when3.Ican'tfindthebook____mymotherboughtme.A.whoB.whenC.whichD.what(A)(B)(C)4.Isthereanything___Icanhelpyou?A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what5.All____isneededisafewhandstohelpwiththework.A.WhatB.thatC.whichD.things6.Isthisthefactory____youwishtovisit?A.thatB.whereC.whenD.whatAAB7.Heistheveryoneofthestudents__goodatEnglish.A.whodoesB.thatisC.whomdoD.whichare8.Thedays__Ispentinthecountrysideinmychildhoodwasthehappiesttime___Ihadeverhadinmylife.A.when/whenB.when/thatC.that/whichD.that/thatBD9.I'llshootanyone___moves.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.whoDⅠ.根据汉语意思完成句子1．你能告诉我你来中国多久了吗？Couldyoutellme_______________inChina?2．上海是中国最具有活力的城市之一Shanghaiisthebiggestcity______________________________．3．你妈妈想知道你是否已经安全到校。Yourmotherwantstoknow__________youhavereachedschoolsafely.4．我不知道他们住在哪儿。Idon'tknow_________________．howlonghaveyoubeenthatisoneoftheliveliestplacesinChinaif/whetherWheretheylive5．昨天物理老师说地球绕着太阳转。Yesterdayphysicsteachersaid_______________________________.Ⅱ.单项填空1．Wewanttoknow______tohelpthem.A．whatcanwedoB．whatwecandoC．howcanwedoD．howwecando2．—Doyouknow_______thegirlinwhiteis?—I'mnotsure.Maybesheisadoctor.A．howB．whereC．whatD．whythattheearthmovesaroundthesunBC3．—Doyouknowtheman_______isreadingthebookoverthere?—Yes,he'sMr.Green,ourP．E.teacher.A.whichB.whatC.whomD．who4．Haveyoufinishedthebook_____youborrowedfromthelibrary?A.whichB.whereC.whatD.whoseDA6．Idon'tknow________shecanfinishtheworkbyherselfornot.A.whetherB.whatC．whoD．if7.Ididn'tknow______.[2014·武汉]A．whenwouldthetrainarriveB．wherecouldIgetthebookC．whathasbeendoneD．wholeftthemessageAD8．Startwiththeeasiestthing________youcancontrol.A．whoB．thatC．whichD．when9．Couldyoutellme________？A．whereareyoufromB．what'swrongwithyouC．whereyoucamefromD．what'syournameBB语法互动(十三)┃宾语从句和定语从句解析修饰先行词theeasiestthing，thing前有最高级修饰时，要用that引导。解析考查宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句用陈述语序，且could在句中不为can的过去式，只是表示语气更加委婉，故选B。10．I'mnotsure________.A．whenwillhecomeB．thathecansolvetheproblemC．howoldisheD．ifhecomesontimeD11.I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool_____ImetintheEnglishspeachcontestlastyear.(十堰，2011)AwhoBwhereCWhenDwhichA【2012湖北十堰】12.Oneofthemostdeliciousdrinks____Ilikeisorangejuice.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.whomB【2013湖北十堰】13ThePalaceMuseumisthebestp