Unit-1--Ways-of-learning-(2)

Unit1WaysofLearning•1.Thereisnoendtolearning.•学无止境。•2.Whatislearnedinthecradleiscarriedtothegrave.•摇篮里学到的东西终身受用。•3.Questioningisthedoorofknowledge.•提问为通向知识之门。•4.Nomaneveryetbecamegreatbyimitation.•--SamuelJohnson,Britishlexicographerandwriter•模仿不成大器。•--英国词典编纂者和作家塞缪尔·约翰逊•5．IforgetwhatIwastaught,IonlyrememberwhatIhavelearned.•--PatrickWhite,Britishnovelist•我忘了别人教我的东西，我只记得我自己学的东西。•--英国小说家P.怀特PartDivisionoftheText•Part1(Para.1—5,Lines1~32)•Ananecdote:theChinesestaffhelpedBenjamintoplacethekey.•Part2(Para.6—13,Lines33~97)•Theauthor’sthoughtsaboutdifferentapproachestolearninginChinaandtheWest.•Part3(Para.14,Lines98~102)•Theauthorgivesasuggestionofamorerationalapproachtofosteringcreativityandbasicskills.Contrastbetweenthetwoattitudes•ThecontrastbetweentheattitudeofthecoupleandthatofthehotelstafftowardBenjamin’seffortsininsertingthekeyintotheslot:•Thecouple:lethimexploreandenjoyhimself.•Thehotelstaff:heldhishandandtaughthimhowtoinsertthekeycorrectly.•Contrastandcomparison:•Acontrastbringsoutthedifferencesbetweentwoormorethingsofthesamekind,whileacomparisonthesimilaritiesbetweenthem.ComprehensionofParas.6--7Comparisonandcontrastcanbeorganizedintwomajorways:•One-side-at-a-timemethod:examineonesubjectthoroughlyandthenstarttheother.•Point-by-pointmethod:examinetwosubjectsatthesametime,discussingthempointbypoint.•ReadthefirstsentenceofbothPara6andPara7,anddecidewhatmethodofcomparisonandcontrastisusedhere.•One-side-at-a-timemethod.•SumupthecontrastbetweenChineseandWesternwaystolearntofulfillatask.•TheChinese:showachildhowtodosomething,orteachbyholdinghishand.•TheWesterners:teachachildtorelyonhimselfforsolutionstoproblems.ComprehensionofParas8--10•1.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayingthisincidentwaskeyinmorethanonesense?•2.Inwhatwaydoestheauthorassociatethekey-slotincidentwith‘teachingbyholdinghishand”?•3.WhatexamplesdoestheauthorgivetoillustratechildhoodeducationintheartsinChina?ComprehensionofParas11---13•ReadfromPara11toPara13.Canyoufindwordslike“Chinese”and“Westerner”or“Americans”or“theWest”ineachparagraph?•Whichmethodofcomparisonandcontrastisusedhere?•(Point–by–pointmethod)SumupthecontrastbetweentheChineseandtheWesternattitudestowardcreativityandbasicskills•TheChineseattitude?•TheWesternattitude?•TheChinese:Givingprioritytodevelopingskillsatanearlyage,believingthatcreativitycanbepromotedovertime.•Thewesterners:Puttingmoreemphasisonfosteringcreativityinyoungchildren,thinkingthatskillscanbepickeduplater.•Therearemanywaysofintroducingatopic.Forexample:–1.Statingthetopicdirectly.–2.Posingaquestion.–3.Quotingafamoussaying.–4.Relatingananecdoteoranincident.•HowdoestheauthorintroducethetopicinTextA?Waysofconcludinganessay•Withoutaconclusion,anessaylacksasenseofcompleteness.Aconclusionmaybearestatementofthemainpointspreviouslymentioned,aproposedsolution,aquotationfromsomebookorperson,apredictionoffuturedevelopments,asuggestionforfurtherstudy,etc.•Amongthesevariousways,whichwayisusedinthisessay?•Asuggestionintheformofaquestion.(Canwegather,fromtheChineseandAmericanextremes,asuperiorwaytoapproacheducation,perhapsstrikingabetterbalancebetweenthepolesofcreativityandbasicskills?)GroupDiscussion1.Howdoyoucommentonthelearningmethodsyouusedinhighschool?2.Areyouemployingnewlearningmethodshelpfultothestudyofcollegecourses?Whatarethey?GroupDiscussion•AcommonphenomenoninChinatodayisthatmanyeducatorsputstrongemphasisontestscoresandthedevelopmentofreading,writingandmathematicalskillsandsacrificecreativityforcorrectanswers.Workingroupstodiscussthefollowingquestion.•Whichshouldbeemphasizedineducation,knowledgeorcreativity?ReviewofKeyWords&Expressions•young;gentle•tender•primary•elementary•connected,related•relevant•veryimportantorserious•critical•developgradually•evolve•afraid•fearful•bringup•rear•main,chief•principal•inventive•creative•verygreat•extreme•better•superior•braveandconfident•bold•dependence•reliance•worthdoing•worthwhile•comeout•emerge•managetodo•accomplish•first,atthebeginning•initial•worthwanting•desirable•givelittleattentionto•neglect•fasten,join•attach•keepsecretlyinmind•harbor•basedontruthorreasoning•valid•leaving•departure•compensatefor•makeupfor•alone,byoneself•onone’sown•helptogrowordevelop•promote•learn,gain•pickup•extremelylarge•enormousReviewofKeywordsandExpressions•随信附上•beattachedtotheletter•探索行为•exploratorybehavior•偶尔•onoccasion•疏忽了他们当父母的责任•neglecttheirparentalduties•揭示/阐明他们对创造力的态度•throwlightontheirattitudestowardcreativity•帮他把钥匙插入槽口•assisthimtoinsertthekeyintotheslot•反思人生•reflectonlife•对不同学习方法的思考•thoughtsondifferentapproachestolearning•两种生活方式的强烈对比•strikingcontrastbetweenthetwolifestyles•学英语的最终目的•theultimatepurposeoflearningEnglish•在适当的时机•induecourse•要做的动作•desiredaction•所希望的结果•desirableoutcome•关键•criticalpoint•育儿观•valueofchildrearing•夸大困难•exaggeratedifficulties•弥补某种错误行为•makeupforamisdeed•回想起来•inretrospect•善意的批评•well-intentionedcriticism•前来帮助某人•cometosb.’srescue•极其熟练地、温和地•withextremefacilityandgentleness•独自解决问题•solveproblemsonone’sown•把人生视为一系列的情境•viewlifeasaseriesofsituations•在某种意义上•inonesense•在对待创造力的态度方面•intermsofattitud