Unit-3----American-Beginnings

thirteenhorizontalstripes,sevenredalternatingwith6whiteThecolorsoftheflagaresymbolicaswell:redsymbolizesHardnessandValor;whitesymbolizesPurityandInnocence;bluerepresentsVigilance,PerseveranceandJustice.thebaldeaglesymbolizescourageandmight,andbecauseitisindigenousonlytotheUnitedStatesandtoCanada.Thenationalsealdepictsthebaldeaglewithitswingsspread,withoneclawclutchinganolivebranch,andtheotherclawgraspingarrows.AmericanNationalAnthemTHESTAR-SPANGLEDBANNERbyFRANCISSCOTTKEY(1779-1843)Oh,saycanyousee,bythedawn'searlylight,Whatsoproudlywehailedatthetwilight'slastgleaming?Whosebroadstripesandbrightstars,throughtheperilousfight,O'ertherampartswewatched,weresogallantlystreaming?Andtherockets'redglare,thebombsburstinginair,Gaveproofthroughthenightthatourflagwasstillthere.Osay,doesthatStar-SpangledBanneryetwaveO'erthelandofthefreeandthehomeofthebrave?Ontheshore,dimlyseenthroughthemistsofthedeep,Wherethefoe'shaughtyhostindreadsilencereposes,Whatisthatwhichthebreeze,o'erthetoweringsteep,Asitfitfullyblows,nowconceals,nowdiscloses?Nowitcatchesthegleamofthemorning'sfirstbeam,Infullgloryreflectednowshinesonthestream:'TistheStar-SpangledBanner!OlongmayitwaveO'erthelandofthefreeandthehomeofthebrave.Oh!thusbeitever,whenfreemenshallstandBetweentheirlovedhomesandthewar'sdesolation!Blestwithvictoryandpeace,maytheheaven-rescuedlandPraisethePowerthathathmadeandpreservedusanation.Thenconquerwemust,forourcauseitisjust,Andthisbeourmotto:InGodisourtrust.AndtheStar-SpangledBannerforevershallwaveO'erthelandofthefreeandthehomeofthebrave!Unit3AmericanBeginnings1.WhatisanAmerican?1782,aFrenchmanCrevecoeurLettersfromanAmericanFarmerThemixedbloodofEuropeansoftheirdescendants.causegreatchangesintheworld.Anewmanwhoactsuponnewprinciples;newideas,formnewopinions.2.ANewLandtwoimmigrationmovements:(1)fromAsia:Siberiantribes,25,000yearsago.(2)fromEurope:1492,Columbus.1497,JohnCabot,claimNorthAmericabelongedtoEnglandEuropeinthe16thand17thCenturiesThemiddleages:500ADand1500AD.Europe:undertheRomanCatholicChurch.(1)Bourgeois---powerful.Freegovernment.theEnglishRevolution(2)Renaissance---God–centredworldwaschallenged,changingoutlookonlife.(3)theReligiousReformation.1517—MartinLuther,95Thesisagainstchurch---faithinGod,directtoGodLuther,MartinassailingthecorruptionofthechurchtheinfluenceofMartinLuther:JohnCalvin(1509to1564)Calvinism:faith,directcontactwithGodProtestantReformationChallengedtheauthorityofthePopeadirectcontactwithGod,byfaithnotthroughchurchorpriests.ReflecttheriseofnationalisminEuropeTheSettlementinVirginia1607:thefirstEnglishsettlement,JamestownJohnRolfe:marriedprincessofIndiantribe.In1619,twoeventsinVirginia:auniqueAmericanphenomenon(1)July30,1619,theenactmentoflawsforthecolonybydelegatesfromcommunities.(2)enslavementofAfricansPuritanNewEnglandThesecondEnglishsettlement:Massachusetts,1620Puritans:ProtestantswhofollowedthedoctrinebyCalvinCalvinism:workhard,amorallife,studyBible,directcontactwithGod.Puritans:Cromwell,foundedarepublicPilgrim:religiousreasons,artisansandpeasants.Puritans:wealthy,well-educatedgentlemen,purifytheChurchofEngland.MayflowerCompact(p39/1):setupacivilgovernmentRogerWilliams:1935,separationofchurchandstateculturalheritage:individualism,hardwork,respectofeducationCatholicMarylandLordBaltimore:feudalplanwasdropped,capitalistdevelopmentInMaryland,CatholicsQuakerPennsylvaniaWilliamPenn:Quakers:Godwasinsoulandheart,thriftyandself-denial,thrifty,self-denial,simpleproductivelife.SomeAccountoftheProvinceofPennsylvania:religiousfreedom.TheHolyExperiment(twoprinciples)(1)spiritoflibertyandequality.(2)ThepolicyofseparationofstateandchurchTheAmericanRevolution1756—1763SevenYears’War:Britain:NorthAmerica1775—1783:WarofIndependence.1783,TheTreatyofParis(p43/2)StampAct(p43/3/6):taxstampsQuarteringAct1773:BostonTeaParty;IntolerableAct:(p43/4)1774,theFirstContinentalCongressinPhiladelphia:disobeytheIntolerableAct,boycottBritishtradetheAmericanWarofIndependenceApril19,1775-17811775,secondContinentalCongressJuly4,1776DeclarationofIndependence1783:TheTreatyofParisTheAmericanWarofIndependencetheBackgroundforDeclarationofIndependenceandtheConstitutionI.Philosophy:1.Socrateshappinessultimatepurposeoflife.governments:promotemoralwell-being2.Platoequality3.Aristotlepluralityinpolitics.4.Cicero’srulingelitethewrittenlaw.preventsmonarchsfrombecomingtyrantsII.Medievalreligion.1.St.Augustine(354-430)man’ssinnaturebothChristiansandnon-Christiansdesirepeace,socialorderservestheself-interestsofbothgroupsandthusistheaimofcivilgovernment.2.St.ThomasAquinas(1225-1274)(ItalianDominicanmonk,theologian,andphilosopher.thewrittenlawshouldbetheembodimentofjusticeIII.RenaissanceandEnlightenmentphilosophy1.Machiavelliwarnsagainsttheuseofexcessivepower2.Hobbes(Englishpoliticalphilosopher)alegalcontract3.JohnLockeademocraticsystemofgovernment“naturalrights”theory:life,liberty,property,etc4.Montesquieu孟德斯鸠:(1689-1755)Frenchphilosopherandjurist法理学家.attackonthemonarchyandt