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1/5被动语态一、基本概念语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。二、基本分类（使用被动语态的情况）不知道：Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。没必要：Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。需强调：Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。三、用法详解1、构成：be+动词过去分词be+doneam/is/arewas/weream/is/are+beingwas/were+beingwill/begoingto+behave/has/had+beencan/must/may/needbetobe学习内容done被动被动be在动：反映时态变化过去分词表被动，是被动语态的标志。2/52、解题步骤1）第一步：判断正确的被动结构：be+done2）第二步：根据时间状语判断时态，选出正确答案。【小试牛刀】1.Today,computersarereallyhelpful.They____everywhere.A.useB.areusedC.usedD.wereused2.Manyaccidents________bycarelessdriverslastyears.A.arecausedB.werecausedC.havecausedD.willcause3.Theroad_____________lastyear.A.buildsB.builtC.wasbuiltD.isbuilt答案：BBC3、五项注意1）不及物动词无被动语态：无宾语何来被动Whatwillhappenin100years.Thedinosaursdisappearedabout65millionyearsago.2）变被动还原to：四看三使两听一感觉★Agirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.→Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.→时态主动语态被动语态例句主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/doesam/is/aredoneWecleantheclassroom.Theclassroomiscleanedbyus.一般过去时didwas/weredoneHemadethekite.Thekitewasmadebyhim.一般将来时will/shall/begoingtodowill/shall/begoingtobedoneTheywillplattreestomorrow.Treeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow.现在完成时have/hasdonehave/hasbeendoneJimhasfinishedthework.TheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.情态动词can/may/mustdocan/may/mustbedoneIcanfindhim.Hecanbefoundbyme.3/5Thelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss.3）双宾变被动：直宾（物）作主语需加介词Hegavemeabook.→Abookwasgiventomebyhim.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.→Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.4）短语是整体：勿忘介词或副词Wecan'tlaughathim.→Hecan’tbelaughedatbyus.Helistenstotheradioeveryday.→Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.5）复合宾语变被动：宾语变主语，宾补成主补IheardJaneplayingthepianoinherroom.→Janewasheardplayingthepianoinherroom.4、主动表被动1）need,want,require（要求，需要）/deserve(应得，值得),beworth值得）①Thebookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。②Theoldbuildingrequiresrepairing.这座古建筑需要修了。③Theseyoungseedlingswillrequire/needlookingafter这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。④Yourhairwants/needscutting(needstobecut).你的头发该剪了。2）感官系动词：look,sound,taste,feel,smell①Uniformslookuglyonus.我们穿着制服很难看。②Mooncakestastedelicious.月饼尝起来很好吃。3）sell,wash,write,read,clean,cook,break,catch,drive,lock,open等词作不及物动词时，主语为物。它们被用来描述主语特征，通常与well,easily等副词连用。①Thiskindofpenwritesverysmoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。②Thiskindofskirtsellswellhere.这种样式的衬衫在这卖得很好。③Thiskindofclothwasheswell.这种布料很容易清洗。1.Themountain__________withsnowallyearround,soit’shardtoclimbit.综合题库4/5A.coveredB.wascoveredC.iscoveredD.covers2.Look!Wecan'tcrossthebridge.It_________bysomeworkers.A.repairsB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.isrepairing3.Wastepaper__________everywhere.It’sourdutytokeeptheschoolclean.A.throwsB.arethrownC.shouldn’tbethrownD.shouldbethrown4.Thebossmadehimwork14hoursaday.Thatmeans,he_______work14hoursaday.A.wasmadeB.madeC.wasmakingD.wasmadeto5.—Haveyoufinishedyourfashiondesign?—Notyet.I’llfinishitifI________tenmoreminutes.A.amgivenB.giveC.willgiveD.willbegiven6.Thesickgirl____tohospitalbyhermotheryesterday.A.istakenB.takesC.tookD.wastaken7.Manyaccidents_________bycarelessdriverslastyear.A.arecausedB.werecausedC.havecausedD.willcause8.Drivingafterdrinkingwine___________inChina.A.allowsB.doesn'tallowC.isallowedD.isn'tallowed9.Softdrinks_______tochildrenforfreeinsomerestaurantsonChildren'sDay.A.offerB.haveofferedC.areofferedD.willbeoffered10.InmanyplacesinChina,theoldover90notonlybytheirfamilybutalsobythegovernment.A.istakinggoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.istakinggoodcareofD.aretakengoodcare11.----DidyougotoJim’sbirthdayparty？----No,I______.A.haven’tinvitedB.didn’tinviteC.amnotinvitedD.wasn’tinvited12.Atlasttheboywasmadeandbegantolaugh.A.stopcryingB.tostoptocryC.tostopcryingD.stoptocry13.—DoyouknowLucy’sgrandma?—Ofcourse.Sheisakindwoman,butshehas___foraboutamonthsincesheintheaccident.A.beendead;waskilledB.died;waskilledC.beendead;killedD.died;killed5/514.Todayalotofinformationcan_____online.A.receiveB.bereceivedC.isreceivedD.receiving15．Helikesreadingverymuch．Mostofhismoney_____onbooks．A．isspentB．spendC．spendsD．arespent16.—WhenshouldIhandinmypaper?—Yourpapermust________assoonasthebell_______.A.handin;ringsB.handin;willringC.behandedin;willringD.behandedinrings17.Inthepastthechildrenweremade______15hoursaday.A.workedB.workC.toworkD.working18.ChinahasofferedmuchhelptoJapansinceit______bytheearthquakeandtsunami（海啸）A.hitsB.ishitC.washitD.willbehit19.－HowoftendoIneedtofeedthebird?－They_____foodeveryday,ortheywillbehungry.A.mustgiveB.mustn’tgiveC.mustbegivenD.mustn’tbegive20.Aseveryoneknows,rubbish_______everywhere.A.needbethrownB.mustn’tbethrownC.can’tthrowD.maythrow答案：1-5CCCDA5-10DBDCB11-15DCABA16-20DCCCB