各种码垛方式介绍及优劣势比较(英文)

PalletizingOfCases,TraysOrBundles;EquipmentTypesandOperationPage1of16Thispaperdescribestheoptionsavailableforpalletizingcases,traysorbundles,hereaftergroupedundertheterm“cases.”Itwillbeausefulresourceforthosefacedwithfillinganeedforpalletizingintheirmanufacturingoperation.Overthepastseveralyearswehavehadtheopportunitytoworkwitheachtypeofsystemandanumberoftheindustry’stopmanufacturers.AtHixson,weneithersellnorrepresentanyproductsorsystems.Weareproudofourindependent“bias”andarepleasedtobringyouthistypeofinformation.PalletizingTypesandDescriptionsManualPalletizingSimplyput,ManualPalletizingusespeopletoselect,transport,orient,countandstackcasesonpallets.Ifneeded,slipsheetsandtiesheetscanalsobemanuallyplaced.ManualPalletizingismostoftenappliedwherethecaseratesandweightsarerelativelyloworasaquickandinexpensivewayto“getintothebusiness.”AManualPalletizingstationcanbefedfromoneormoresources.Eachsourcecandeliveradifferentproduct,sizeorweight.Thestacker(s)thensortstheincomingcasesandpalletizesthemaccordingly.WhileManualPalletizingcanbealabor-intensivechore,ergonomicallydesignedworkstationscanmitigatethisaspect.Intheexampleshownbelow(SeeFig.1.),casesaredeliveredbyconveyortotheManualPalletizingStation.Theconveyorelevationminimizestheneedfortheworkertoreachorbendtoretrievecasesforstacking.Fig.1-ManualPalletizingStationPalletizingOfCases,TraysOrBundles;EquipmentTypesandOperationPage2of16Additionally,asimplelifttablehasbeeninstalledtoraiseorlowerthestackingpointtoalevelthatalsominimizestheneedtoreachorbend.Thus,theworkerisalwaysworkingintheso-called“goldenzone”–roughlydefinedasthespacebetweenchestandwaist.Theloadistransferredlaterally,ratherthanupordown,whichminimizesthestrainontheworker.Tofurthereasetheburdenoftheworker,thelifttablecanbeequippedwithaplatenthatcanbemanuallyrotated.Thepalletsitsontheplaten.Theworkercanturntheplatentospinthepallettoaconvenientlocationtoavoidtheneedtoreachacross,orwalkaround,theentireloadtopositioncases.TheadvantagesofManualPalletizingare:LowinitialcostUltimateflexibilityMinimalspacerequirements100%caseinspectionLow-orno-energy,maintenanceortrainingrequirementsThedisadvantagesofManualPalletizingare:PotentialforworkerinjuryPotentialtoincorrectlystackagivenloadwhenmultiplestackingpatternsareinusePotentialforthewrongcasetobestackedonapalletwhenmultipleproductsofsimilarsizeandappearancearerunconcurrentlyTightnessofthefinishedpalletloadcanvaryConventionalPalletizingConventionalPalletizersarewhatmostpeoplepictureintheirmindswhentheyheartheterm“Palletizer.”ConventionalPalletizerscanbedefinedasmachinesthatreceivecasesfromaconveyingsystem,properlyorientthemintoalayerandthenstacktheentirelayeronapalletintheproperstackpattern.ConventionalPalletizershavetheadvantagesofhighcasefeedratesandtheabilitytohandlecasesofnearlyanyweight.Pallets,slipsheetsandtiesheetscanbefedautomaticallyasneeded.Multiplestackpatternscanbestoredinthepalletizerselectronicmemoryandcanbecalledupbytheoperatorforuse.Whenproperlyequipped,theconveyorsthatfeedproducttoConventionalPalletizerscanmonitorincomingcasesandrejectthosewithopenflaps-orthoseofthewrongproducttype,bothofwhichcancausejamsinthestackingprocess.PalletizingOfCases,TraysOrBundles;EquipmentTypesandOperationPage3of16Fig.2.MajorComponentsofConventionalPalletizersThemajorcomponentsofConventionalPalletizers(SeeFig.2.)are:CasemeteringandinfeedconveyorCaseorientationdevicetorotatethecasetotheproperpositionRowformingsectionLayerformingsectionLayercompressiondevice(s)toprovidea“tight”loadLayerstrippingdevicethat,whenretracted,allowstheformedlayertobeloweredontotheloadhoistPalletdispenser(notshown)thatautomaticallyfeedsanemptypalletwhenneededSlipsheet/tiesheetfeeders(optional,notshown)LoadhoisttoraiseorlowertheloadtotheproperstackingelevationTherearetwomajortypesofConventionalPalletizers:FloorLevelInfeedandHighLevelInfeed.FloorLevelInfeedConventionalPalletizersAsthenameimplies,theconveyorleadingtoaFloorLevelInfeedConventionalPalletizerisrelativelylowtotheground–aboutthesameheightasthedischargeoftheproductionequipment(SeeFig.3.).Becausetheinfeedislow,thistypeofpalletizerisoftenlocatedneartheproductionequipment.Inthisway,conveyorsthatfeedproducttothepalletizerarelesslikelytoblocktrafficfloworcreate“land-locked”areasthatlimitaccessibilityaroundequipment.WhenFloorLevelInfeedPalletizersarelocatedadjacenttotheproductionequipment,theyareoftendedicatedtotheoutputofasingleproductionline.Fig.3.TypicalFloorLevelInfeedConventionalPalletizerPalletizingOfCases,TraysOrBundles;EquipmentTypesandOperationPage4of16TheadvantagesofFloorLevelInfeedConventionalPalletizersare:Whenlocatednearproductionequipment,thepalletizercanbemonitoredbyproductionpersonnelAlternately,theforktruckoperatorcanmonitorthepalletizerduetothefactthattheentireoperationtakesplacelowtothegroundinviewofthedriverComponentsareaccessiblefromthefloorJamscanbeclearedfromthefloorThedisadvantagesofFloorLevelInfeedConventionalPalletizersare:ThespaceunderthecasedeliveryconveyorsisnotusableIflocatedinproductionareas,valuablespaceisneededtomai