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1第一类MOTORVEHICLE汽车一、Vehicleclassification汽车分类1.1Car轿车序号英文中文1passengercar轿车2minicar微型轿车3subcompactcar普通级轿车4compactcar中级轿车5intermediatecar中高级轿车6limousinecar高级轿车1.2Bus客车序号英文中文1bus客车2mini-bus微型客车3lightbus轻型客车4mediumbus中型客车5largebus大型客车6extrabus特大型客车7articulatedbus铰链客车8double-deckbus双层客车1.3Motortruck货车序号英文中文1motortruck货车2mini-truck微型货车3lighttruck轻型货车4mediumtruck中型货车5heavytruck重型货车6off-roadvehicle越野汽车1.4specialpurposevehicle专用汽车序号英文中文1specialpurposevehicle专用汽车2van厢式汽车3tanker罐式汽车4dumptruck自卸汽车序号英文中文5semi-trailertowingvehicle半挂牵引汽车6full-trailertoeingvehicle全挂牵引汽车二、Vehicleconstruction汽车构造2.1Maincomponentsofvehicle汽车主要组成序号英文中文1engine发动机2frontaxle前桥3wheel车轮4clutch离合器5gearbox变速器6propellershaft传动轴7universaljoint万向节8finaldriveanddifferential主减速器和差速器9rearaxle后桥10body车身2.2Vehicleperformance汽车性能序号英文中文1maximumspeedoftheautomobile汽车最高车速2timeofaccelerationoftheautomobile汽车加速时间3maximumgradabilityoftheautomobile汽车最大爬坡度4constant-speedfuelecon-omyoftheautomobile汽车等速油耗5economicalspeedoftheautomobile汽车经济车速2.3engineposition发动机布置序号英文中文1frontengine,rearwheeldrive前置发动机，后轮驱动2rearengine,rearwheeldrive后置发动机，后轮驱动2序号英文中文3frontengine,frontwheeldrive前置发动机，前轮驱动4undercab-floorengine驾驶室下置发动机5underfloorengine车厢地板下置发动机三、Vehicledimensions汽车尺寸序号英文中文1vehicleoveralllength车长2vehicleoverallwidth车宽3vehicleoverallheight车高4frontoverhang前悬5realoverhang后悬6wheelbase轴距7tread轮距8groundclearance最小离地间隙9angleofincidence接近角10descentangle离去角四、Wheelalignment前轮定位序号英文中文1caster主销后倾2steeringaxisinclination主销内倾3camber前轮外倾4toe-in前轮前束五、Diameterofturningcircle转弯直径序号英文中文1steeringangle转向角2outsidediameterofminimumturningcircle最小转弯外径3minimumturningcirclediameter最小转弯直径4Insidediameterofminimumturningcircle最小转弯内径5Turningclearancecircle转弯通道圆3第二类ENGINE发动机一、Engineconstruction发动机构造序号英文中文1rockerarmcover摇臂罩2valverockerarm气门摇臂3camshaft凸轮轴4camshaftdrive凸轮轴驱动轮5sparkpluglead火花塞导线6timingbeltcover正时皮带罩7valvespring气门弹簧8poppetvalve菌形气门9piston活塞10connectingrod连杆11timingbelt正时皮带12combustionchamber燃烧室13cylinderblock汽缸体14waterjacket水套15oilfilter机油滤清器16flywheel飞轮17ringgear齿圈18oilgage机油标尺19oilpan/sump油底壳20crankshaft曲轴21drainplug放油孔塞22v-beltpulleyV型皮带轮二、Essentialterm基本术语序号英文中文1cylinderdiameter汽缸直径2pistonstroke活塞行程3crankradius曲轴半径4pistondisplacement活塞排量5compressionchambervolume压缩室容积6totalcylindervolume总汽缸容积7topdeadcenter上止点8bottomdeadcenter下止点三、Engineoperationprinciple发动机工作原理3.1Four-strokegasolineengineoperationprinciple四冲程汽油机工作原理序号英文中文1intakestroke进气行程2compressionstroke压缩行程3expansionstroke膨胀行程4exhauststroke排气行程5combustiblemixture可燃混合气6intakevalve进气门7sparkplug火花塞8exhaustvalve排气门9exhaustgas废气3.2Four-strokedieselengineoperationalprinciple四冲程柴油机工作原理序号英文中文1intakestroke进气行程2compressionstroke压缩行程3expansionstroke膨胀行程4exhauststroke排气行程5intake进气6compression压缩7combustion燃烧8expansion膨胀9exhaust排气10air空气11injector喷油器12exhaustgas废气3.3Two-strokegasolineengineoperationprinciple二冲程汽油机工作原理序号英文中文1combustiblemixture可燃混合气2inletport进气口3crankcase曲轴箱4precompressedmixture预压混合气4序号英文中文5transfercanal输气道6intakeport进气口7exhaustport排气口8exhaustgas废气9sparkplug火花塞3.4Two-strokedieselengineoperationprinciple二冲程柴油机工作原理1air空气2blowerpump扫气泵3precompressedair预压空气4airchamber空气室5inletport进气口6injector喷油器7exhaustvalve排气门8exhaustgas废气四、Engineperformance发动机性能序号英文中文1fixedthrottlecharacteristics速度特性2partthrottlecharacteristics负荷特性3enginespeed转速4torque扭矩5horsepower功率6specificfuelconsumption燃油消耗率五、Crankconnectingrodmechanism曲柄连杆机构5.1Cylinderblock机体组序号英文中文1cylinderblock汽缸体2cylinderliner汽缸套3cylinderbearingsurface汽缸套表面4cylinderhead汽缸盖5inletmanifoldmountingflange进气歧管凸缘6oilinlethole加油孔7cylinderheadcover汽缸盖罩序号英文中文8cylinderheadgasket汽缸盖衬垫9oilfiltermountingflange机油滤清器凸缘10ventilatingpipemountingseat通风管座11cylinderblockstiffeningrib汽缸体加强肋12rearmainbearingcover后主轴承罩13mainbearingcap主轴承盖14oilsumppangasket油底壳衬垫15oilsump/pan油底壳16fuelpumpmountingflange燃油泵凸缘17ignitiondistributormountingflange分电器凸缘18camshaftbearingbushseat凸轮轴轴承座19camshaftdrive(gear)cover凸轮轴驱动齿轮罩20cylinderheadcovergasket汽缸盖罩衬垫5.2Piston,connectingrod活塞连杆组序号英文中文1connectingrodshank连杆杆身2connectingrodsmallend连杆小头3connectingrodbushing连杆衬套4springclip弹簧卡环5pistonpin活塞销6pistonhead活塞头部7pistonringgroove活塞环槽8compressionring压缩环9oilscraperring油环10pistonskirt活塞裙部11pistonpinboss活塞销座12connectingrodbearinghalfshell连杆轴瓦13connectingrodcap连杆螺栓14connectingrodcap连杆大头盖15Connectingrodend连杆大头55.3Crankshaft,flywheel曲轴飞轮组序号英文中文1crankshaftfrontend曲轴前端2frontmainjournal前主轴颈3oilpassagehole机油孔4crankpin曲柄销5crankweb曲柄臂6counterweight平衡重7crankshaftcollar曲轴后端凸缘8flywheel飞轮9flywheelgearring飞轮齿圈10flywheellockplate飞轮锁片11clutchshaftbearing离合器轴轴承12mainbearinghalfshell(upper,lower)主轴承（上、下）轴瓦13crankshaftthrusthalfring曲轴止推片14bearingtang轴瓦定位凸键六、Valvemechanism配气机构6.1Sidevalve侧置气门序号英文中文1camshaft凸轮轴2cam凸轮3tappet气门挺杆4sidevalve侧置气门5crankshafttiminggear曲轴正时齿轮6camshaftgear-wheel凸轮轴齿轮7geardrive齿轮传动6.2Overheadvalve顶置气门序号英文中文1camshaft凸轮轴2camfollower凸轮顶杆3pushrod推杆4adjuster调整螺钉5cockershaft摇臂轴6rockershaft摇臂7valvespring气门弹簧序号英文中文8valve气门9valve气道10combustionchamber燃烧室6.3Overheadvalve顶置气门序号英文中文1camshaftfrontbearing凸轮轴前轴承2valvehead气门头3valvestem气门杆4tappet挺筒5lowervalvespringc