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welcome!Ladiesandgentlemen!什么是非谓语动词啊？“非谓语非谓语”,就是不是谓语的动词呗!那不是谓语是什么呢？。。。。。。英语一句话只能有一个主谓结构如果出现更多动词：加连词（and/but/so…）放入从句变为非谓语动词主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语过去分词v-ed不定式to+v动词的v-ing非谓语动词形式对比项目动词不定式todo动名词doing现在分词doing过去分词done意义相当于名词、形容词、副词，往往有将来意味相当于名词，指经常性、习惯性的动作相当于形容词、副词，往往有现在意味相当于形容词、副词，本身兼有被动，完成意义充当句子成分主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语主语、宾语、表语、定语表语、宾补、定语、状语表语、宾补、定语、状语形式主动一般式tododoingdoingdone被动式tobedonebeingdone(被……)beingdone(正在被……)无形式主动完成式tohavedonehavingdonehavingdone无被动完成式tohavebeendonehavingbeendonehavingbeendone无否定式在上述各种非谓语动词形式之前直接加not非谓语动词包括不定式(todo)、动名词(ing)、现在分词(ing)与过去分词(ed)它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能充当谓语，但可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有时态和语态的变化1.不定式和动名词作主语规则1：动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作，而不定式作主语表示具体动作，如：Smoking(抽烟)isprohibited(禁止)here.规则2：动名词和不定式的完成式表示该动作比谓语动词动作先发生，如：Havingstudiedcomputerisanimportantqualificationforthejob.规则3：动名词的独立主格结构：当动名词带逻辑主语时，只可在其前加上物主代词或名词的所有格，如：Jack'ssuddenlydisappearing(杰克的突然失踪)madethemworried.规则4：不定式及动名词短语作主语时可转换成it作形式主语如：Ifounditimpossibleforhimtodothejobalone.Itisnouse/goodcrying(哭).不定式和动名词做宾语规则1：动名词作宾语时，其逻辑主语既可以是物主代词或名词的所有格，也可以是人称代词宾格和名词的普通格如：Doyoumindmy/mereadingyourpaper?规则2：作宾语的动名词和不定式，完成式表示该动作在谓语动词动作之前发生如：Iregrettednothavingtaken(没有采取)heradvice.规则3：介词以及少数动词和词组后只能用动名词作宾语如：admit,dislike,appreciate,avoid,enjoy,bear(忍受),envy,can'thelp(不禁),delay,escape,can'tstand(受不了),deny,excuse(借口),consider(考虑),fancy,mind,miss(错过),mention,finish,pardon,resist,forgive,imagine,risk,practice,suggest(建议),keep,quit,putoff,giveup,feellike,beworth,setabout,burstout,.be/get/becomeusedto(习惯于),lookforwardto,payattentionto,devote…to,leadto,stickto,getcloseto,objectto,contributeto,getdownto,beequalto(能胜任),turnto(求助于)如：Iappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago规则4：动词advise/allow/permit/forbid后既可跟doingsth.作宾语，又可跟todo(不定式作宾补)如：Youwouldbewelladvisedtostay(stay)indoors.Theteacheradvisedtaking(take)adifferentapproach.规则5：need,require,want,deserve＋doing动名词的主动形式表被动意义，相当于tobedone如：Theroadiscoveredwithsomefallentreesandtheyneedremoving/toberemovedimmediately.规则6：有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语有差别如：Don'tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?Youmustremembertoleavetomorrow.常用的还有：(1)forgettodo忘记要去做某事(此事未做)forgetdoing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)(2)stoptodo停止、中断(某件事)，目的是去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在或经常做的事(3)remembertodo记住去做某事(未做)rememberdoing记得做过某事(已做)(4)regrettodo对要做的事遗憾(后常跟动词say,tell,inform等)regretdoing对做过的事后悔(5)trytodo努力、企图做某事trydoing试验、试一试某种办法(6)meantodo打算，有意要……meandoing意味着(7)goontodo继而(去做另外一件事情)goondoing继续(原先没有做完的事情)(8)proposetodo打算(要做某事)proposingdoing建议(做某事)(9)like/love/hate/prefer＋todo表示具体行为；like/love/hate/prefer＋doingsth.表示抽象、倾向概念。【注意】如果like/love/hate/prefer这几个动词前有should/would，其后宾语只跟不定式，不能跟动名词如：Ishouldliketoseehimtomorrow.规则7：常见的带不定式作宾语的动词(口诀助记)如下：想要干want,wish,hope,expect,seek,attempt,aim,claim，wouldlike/love,desire,swear早打算plan,prepare,mean,arrange同意否agree,promise,undertake,offer,choose,refuse,afford问问看ask(asktodo要求做),beg决定了decide,determine,makeupone'smind,bedetermined尽力干try,manage(反义词fail),struggle,strive,attempt努力做care别装蒜pretend【注意】口诀内的动词后跟动词不定式，几乎都有将来意味。规则8：固定句型(1)Thereisnogood/point/sense/harm＋doingsth.做某事没用(不好/没意义/没有害处)如：Thereisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.(2)havedifficulty/trouble/problem/ahardtime/agoodtime/fun＋(in)＋doing如：Hehadagoodtimeintravellingabroadthissummervacation.(3)spend/waste/losetime(in)doingsth.如：Theycan'tlosetimeplayingcomputergamesasusual.(4)Thereisno＋doingsth.(thereisno表“不可能”)如：Thereisnotellingwhatheisgoingtodo.(5)come/become/grow/get＋to＋like/love/realize/understand/know等表示心理活动的过程，意为“渐渐地喜欢上/意识到/懂了/知道了……”(6)do/did/doesnothing/anything/everything＋but(except)＋动词原形；如果谓语动词不是do/did/does,but(except)所跟的不定式须带to如：LastnightIdidnothingbut———(watch)TV.Thedoctortoldhimnothingbut———(stop)smoking.watchtostop(7)cannot(help/choose)butdo,candonothingbutdo,havenochoice/alternativetodo表示“不得不”如：WhenIconsiderhowtalentedheisasapainter,Icannothelpbutbelievethatthepublicwillappreciatehisgift.(8)“Whynot＋动词原形”表达向某人提出建议，意为：“为什么不……？”，“干嘛不……？”(9)“wouldrather/hadbetter＋(not)＋动词原形”意为“宁愿/最好(不)做某事”(10)therebe的非谓语形式◇作动词expect，like，mean，intend，want，prefer，hate宾语时，通常用theretobe结构，在mind,objectto等后面用therebeing如：Wedon'twant—————anycomradeslaggingbehind.Idon'tmindthere————(be)achairhere.◇作状语多用therebeing结构如：Therebeingnobodyelseathand,Ihadtodobymyself.theretobebeing3.不定式、动名词和分词作表语规则1：不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为如：WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.规则2：表心理状态的interesting,exciting,delighting,disappointing,encouraging,worrying,puzzling,satisfying,surprising,pleasing等形容词转为分词作表语时，表示客观“令人……的”；interested,excited,delighted,disappointed,encouraged,pleased,puzzled,worried,surprised等表示主观“感到……”如：Travellingisinterestingbuttiring.Thepupilswillgetconfusediftheyaremadetolearntoomuch.规则3：get,become,look,seem,appear,remain等系动词后都可跟done，表示被动或主语的状态。如：remainseated/hidden，getpaid/dressed/changed/stuck/hurt/injured/burnt如：Whattheworkershavebeentoldisthattheygetpaidbythehour.常用bedone＋介词短语表示所处的状态如下：beaddictedto…沉迷于……beabsorbedin…全神贯注于……beaimedat…旨在/意图……bearmedwith…有……装备beburiedin…埋葬在……bebasedon/upon…以……为基础beborn…出生于……beburdenedwith…担负着……becrowdedwith…挤满了……becoveredwith/by…覆盖着……becoatedwith