一.动词-ing形式的两个基本特点:表主动或者表进行1.在时间上表示动作正在进行试比较:afallenleaf已经落地的树叶eg:afallingleaf正在飘落的树叶2.在语态上表示主动eg.Ourteachercameintotheroom,followingourmonitor.我们的老师跟在班长后面,走进教室。试比较:Ourteachercameintotheroom,followedbyourmonitor.我们老师走进教室,班长跟在他后面。二.动词-ing形式的时态与语态一般式主动doing被动beingdone完成式主动havingdone被动havingbeendone⑴一般形式doing:表主动,表进行,表示分词动作与谓语动作几乎同时发生eg.Hearingthewonderfulmusic,Icameintotheroom.听着美妙的音乐,我走进了教室。⑵被动形式beingdone:表被动,表进行eg.BeingeducatedinBeijingUniversityisthedreamofmanystudents.在北京大学受教育是许多学生的梦想。⑶完成形式havingdone:表主动,表完成,表示分词动作发生在谓语动作之前eg.Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttoplaywithhisfriends..完成作业之后,他和朋友去玩了。⑷完成被动形式havingbeendone:表被动,表完成,表示分词动作发生在谓语动作之前eg.IheartheyhavepromotedTom,buthedidn’tmentionhavingbeenpromotedwhenwetalkedonthephone.我听说他们提拔了汤姆,但我们在电话里交谈时汤姆没有提到被提拔的事。三.动词-ing在句子当中担当的句子成分:主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾补,状语⑴动词-ing形式作主语通常放句首,被看作是单数,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式1.做主语eg.Gettingupearlyisagoodhabit.eg.Itisnousetalkingwithhim.ItwasawasteoftimewatchingTV.⑵有时用it作形式主语,把动词-ing形式置后。例如:awasteoftimenogood/nouseIt+be+useless+V-ingworthwhilefun⑶在therebe结构中,例如:nosensein(没有道理)Therebe+nopointin(毫无意义)+V-ingeg.Therewasnoknowingwhenhewouldleave.无法知道他什么时候离开。Thereisnopointindiscussingsuchmatter.讨论这样的问题毫无意义。2.作宾语⑴作介词的宾语eg.Sheisinterestedinworkingforourfirm.她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。⑵部分动词后必须用doing作宾语,例如:enjoy,practise,advise,suggest,mind,forbid,keep,finish,admit,appreciate,imagine,deny等。eg.Ienjoylearningaboutnewthings.我喜欢了解新事物。YoushouldpractisespeakingEnglisheverymorning.你应该每天早晨练习英语。注意:有些动词后既可以加doing,也可以加to,但意义不同,注意区分。例如:rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事remembertodo记得要去做某事类似的还有forget,regret,stop,mean,try,goon,can'thelp等。3.作表语.有两个作用:(1)相当于名词(2)相当于形容词eg.Hisfavoritesportishiking.他最喜欢的运动是徒步旅行。Myjobisplayingallkindsofinstruments.我的工作是演奏各种乐器。Whathesaidisencouraging.区分:Mymotheriscooking.主语谓语(cooking是cook的现在分词,表示状态,在这表示妈妈正在做饭这个状态)Myjobisplayingallkindsofinstruments.主语系词表语(playing是动名词,表示我工作的性质、属性,并不是现在正在演奏乐器。)4.作定语⑴单个动词-ing形式作定语,一般放在被修饰名词前面,如果是动词-ing短语,放在被修饰词的后面。动词-ing做定语有三个作用:1.它与修饰词之间有主动关系或正在进行;2.说明被修饰词的用途;3.相当于形容词。•例:asleepingboy一个正在睡觉的男孩•adevelopingcountry•awalkingstick手杖•drinkingwater饮用水•aninterestingbook区分:①asleepingboy正在睡觉的男孩sleeping是现在分词,表示状态。②asleepingbus卧车sleeping是动名词,表示属性,特征。⑵分词短语作定语要后置,相当于一个定语从句。例:agirlstandingunderthetree站在树下的女孩ThemanvisitingJapanishisfather.=ThemanwhoisvisitingJapanishisfather.访问日本的那个人是他父亲。5.作宾补:现在分词作宾补表示正在发生的动作,接分词作宾补的动词有:①feel,hear,see,watch,observe,notice,find,smell,+sb./sth.doing表示该动作正在进行eg.Isawhimgoingupstairs.我看见他正在上楼。Themotherkepthersonstayingathomeforawholeday.妈妈让儿子一整天待在家里。②have,keep,start,leave,get,+sb./sth.doing使…一直处于某种状态catchsb/sthdongsth突然发现正在做6.作状语注意:动词-ing形式,与主句的主语在逻辑上是主动关系。⑴原因状语Havingfailedtwice,hedidn’twanttotryagain.已经失败了两次,他不想再拭了。Nothavinggotenoughhands,wehadgreatdifficultyincompletingtheproject.⑵时间状语Whenleavingthestation,hewavedagainandagaintome.离开车站的时候,他向我频频挥手。动作基本同时发生HavingturnedofftheTVset,hebegantogooverhislessons.关掉电视机以后,他便开始复习功课。动作有前后顺序Hesatinthearmchair,readingthenewspaper.他坐在扶手椅上读报纸。伴随状语Theystaredhisbreathusingamouth-to-mouthway.他们采用口对口的方法,使他恢复了呼吸。方式状语⑶方式和伴随状语⑷结果状语Heworkeddayandnight,thusmakinghimselfnear-sighted.他日夜工作,结果造成眼睛的近视。Ifplayingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.如果玩一整天,你就会浪费了宝贵的时间。Takingthemedicinethreetimesaday,youwillbewellsoon.⑸条件状语:一般放在句首,其前可以加if,unless等连词。Althoughrepeatinghiswordsmanytimes,theteachercouldnotmakeherunderstandwhathemeant.尽管重复多遍,老师仍无法让她理解他的意思。⑹让步状语:一般放在句首,常常由although/though/evenif等连词引导。•Havingcarriedwoodfor12hours,theworkerswerestillforcedtodootherheavywork虽然这些工人已经搬了12个小时的木头,但是还被迫干其他重活1.Takingpictures___veryinteresting.A.isB.areC.tobeD.be2.______thebadnewsmadehimcry.A.HearB.HeardC.HearingD.Ishearing3._____adeserthadalwaysbeenariskadventure.A.beingcrossedB.HavingcrossedC.CrossingD.TohavecrossedACC4.Beforehecame,I’dfinished_______thewholebook.A.toreadB.tohavereadC.readingD.read5.Ialwaysenjoy____topopularmusicatnight.A.tolistenB.listeningC.thatIcanlistenD.ifIcanlisten6.Weareconsidering________atriparoundtheisland.A.takeb.totakeC.tobetakingD.takingCBD