初中英语句子成分句子的成分:句子的成分是指组成句子的各个部分,即:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)、补足语、定语、状语等。主要成分:主语和谓语次要成分:表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等(一)主语Subject:主语是一个句子的主要成分,也是句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。1.Tomisagoodboy.(名词)2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代词)3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.(数词)4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(动名词)6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名词化形容词)7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主语从句)8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it为形式主语,真正的主语是不定式)(二)谓语Predicate:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,一般由动词或动词短语来充当,一般放在主语之后。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。谓语的构成如下:1.简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。例如:Ilikeapples.(动词)Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.(动词短语)2.复合谓语:(1)由(情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形)构成;Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(2)由(系动词+表语)构成。Wearehavingaquickbreakfast.(三)表语Predicative:表语用于说明主语的性质、身份、特征和状态等,说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。它一般位于系动词(如be,keep,remain,become,get.grow,turn,look,seem,feel,smell,sound,taste等)之后。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语,即成系表结构。1.Mymotherisadoctor.(名词)2.Isityours?(代词)3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容词)4.Thespeechisexciting.(现在分词)5.Thedoorisclosed.(过去分词)6.Threetimessevenistwentyone.(数词)7.HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)8.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.(动名词)9.Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介词短语)10.Timeisup.Theclassisover.(副词)11.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表语从句)(四)宾语Object:宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面,和及物动词一起说明主语“做什么”,如:1.Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.(名词)2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.(代词)3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavethree.(数词)4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名词化形容词)5.Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式)6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(动名词)7.Ithink(that)heisfitforthisjob.(宾语从句)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.=Lendyourdictionarytome,please.