初中英语名词考点小结

初中英语名词考点小结Ihopeeveryonecanmakesuccessineducationexam.Ms.Zhang专有名词（ProperNouns）普通名词(CommonNouns）专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。名词的分类1）个体名词（IndividualNouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：student,desk,apple。2）集体名词（CollectiveNouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：class,team,family。3）物质名词（MaterialNouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：rice,water,milk。4）抽象名词（AbstractNouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：love,life,work。普通名词又分为四类个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（CountableNouns）物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（UncountableNouns）所以一般情况下我们所说的名词复数指的就是可数名词的复数问题一般情况加-s1.清辅音后读/s/map-mapsbook-books2.浊辅音和元音后读/z/bag-bagscar-cars名词复数的规则变化(1)以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加-es读/iz/bus-buseswatch-watchesbridge-bridges以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词加-s读/iz/exercise-exercises名词复数的规则变化(2)以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加-s变复数：twoMarystheHenrysmonkey---monkeysholiday---holidays以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加es读/z/baby---babiesfactory---factories名词复数的规则变化(3)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时：a.加-sroof---roofsb.去f,fe加-vesthief---thieveswife---wivesknife---kniveswolf---wolvesshelf---shelveshalf---halvesleaf---leaveslife---lives名词复数的规则变化(4)总结：小偷和妻子用架子上的小刀结束了狼和树叶的半条命atomatosometomatoessomepotatoessomeheroes初中阶段以o结尾的名词复数主要是加-s,只有这几个加-es:Heroeslovetomatoesandpotatoes.名词复数的规则变化(5)foot--feetchild-childrentooth--teethmouse--mice名词复数的不规则变化(1)goose--geese总结：牙脚鹅名词复数的不规则变化(2)man--menwoman--womenmendoctorswomenteachersaGermansomeGermansAmerican--AmericansAustralian--AustraliansCanadian--CanadianssomepolicemenapolicemanEnglishman–EnglishmenFrenchman--Frenchmen一些需要强调的表示人的名词复数onesheeptwosheepaChinesetwoChineseaJapaneseseveralJapanese名词复数的不规则变化(3):单复数形式相同总结：羊鹿鱼onefish一条鱼fishes不同种类的鱼／各种各样的鱼threefish三条鱼somefish一些鱼肉可数名词不可数名词名词复数的不规则变化(4):“fish”想一想：我们学过的名词还有哪些和fish的用法相同？必须注意的若干名词方面的问题(1)a.有些词既可数又不可数但意思不同:paper报纸/试卷/文件/讲义–纸张time次数/倍数–时间glass玻璃杯–玻璃room房间–空间fish鱼–鱼肉…b.有些词虽以-s结尾但却是单数:news,math(s),physics,politics,...c.有些词始终是复数形式:people(人们),clothes,trousers,glasses(眼镜),works(著作),times(时代)...有些词通常都是复数形式:shoes,gloves,…d.people有两种意思:人/人们;民族Thereare56peoplesinChina.民族(加-s构成复数)Thereare56peopleintheroom.人(们)(本身就是复数)e.这些是最常见的不可数名词,一般都没有复数形式news,information,weather,work(工作),bread,knowledge,advice,fun但是可以加上一些表示单位的名词来够成短语:a____ofpaper/bread/meat/work/advicea____oftea/coffeea____ofwater/milka____ofglasses/trousers/gloves必须注意的若干名词方面的问题(2)piececupglass/bottlepaira.“数词+名词”构成的合成词作定语时该名词用单数形式atwo-monthholidayan8-year-oldboytheboys’400-metrerace必须注意的特殊用法b.关于几个表示数量的单位词hundreds/thousands/millionsofpeople9hundred/thousand/millionpeople总结：数字连字符用原型总结：确切数字用原型，概述s加of中考有关名词的试题1、These_________havesavedmanychildren’slives.A.womandoctorsB.womendoctorC.womendoctorsD.womandoctor2、Thisis_________bedroom.Thetwinsisterslikeitverymuch.A.AnneandJaneB.Anne’sandJane’sC.Anne’sandJaneD.AnneandJane’s3、---Arethereany________onthefarm?---Yes,therearesome.A.horseB.duckC.chickenD.sheep4、---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,________ororange?---Orange,please.A.hamburgerB.chipC.tea5、_____turnyellowinautumn.A.LeafB.LeavesC.LeaveD.LeafsCDDCB6、Helpyourselvestosome_____,dearchildren!A.fishsB.fishesC.fishD.thefish7、---Theyarethirsty.Willyoupleasegivethem______?---Certainly.A.somebottlesofwatersB.somebottlesofwaterC.somebottleofwaterD.somebottleofwaters8、Aretheygoingtohaveapicnicon_______?A.Children’sDayB.Childrens’sDayC.ChildrensDayD.ChildrenDay9、_____hardworkitis!A.WhataB.HowC.WhatD.Howa10、Imettwo_____inthestreetyesterdaymorning.A.GermanB.AustralianC.AmericanD.Japanese11、_____aregoingtoEnglandforaholiday.A.TheWangB.Wang’sC.TheWang’sD.TheWangsCBACDD根据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词。1.“What’syourn_______?”“LiLei.”2.Howmanyd_______doesyourunclehave?3.Pleaseclosethew______.It’scoldoutside.4.IfyouwantstudyEnglishwell,youmustpayattentiontoyourp________.5.Acomputerisoneofthegreatesti_________intheworld.6.ZhangHuiisveryexcited.HewillgotoJapanwithhisp_______duringtheSpringFestival.7.Atthea______ofseven,thelonelygirlhadtoworktomakeliving.8.It’sonlyaboutanh_____flightfromQingdaotoBeijingbyair.9.Healthismoreimportanttomethanm_______.10、YangLiweiandZaZhigangareh_____.11、Iwanttobeas______whenIgrowup.ameaughersindowronuncationnventionsarentsgeour’soneyeroesinger