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郑州交通职业学院毕业论文论文题目：毛细水对工程的危害及防治措施所属系别建筑工程系专业班级10级建筑工程技术6班姓名蒋青举学号201013040510821指导教师谷玲培撰写日期2013年4月1摘要毛细水指的是地下水受土粒间孔隙的毛细作用上升的水分，它是受到水与空气交界面处表面张力作用的自由水。毛细水的形成过程通常用物理学中毛细管现象解释，它分布在土粒内部相互贯通的孔隙中，可以看成是许多形状不一、直径各异、彼此连通的毛细管。细现象是有害的，例如,建筑房屋的时候,在砸实的地基中毛细管又多又细,它们会把土壤中的水分引上来,使得室内潮湿.建房时在地基上面铺油毡,就是为了防止毛细现象造成的潮湿；毛细水主要存在于直径为0.5～0.002mm大小的孔隙中，其对工程的影响主要有：产生毛细压力，对于砂性土特别是细砂、粉砂，由于毛细压力作用使砂性土具有一定的粘聚力(称假粘聚力)；毛细水对土中气体的分布与流通有一定影响，常常是导致产生封闭气体的原因。封闭气体可以增加土的弹性和减小土的渗透性；当地下水位埋深较浅时，由于毛细水上升，可以助长地基土的冰冻现象、致使地下室潮湿甚至危害房屋基础、破坏公路路面、促使土的沼泽化及盐渍化，从而增强地下水对混凝土等建筑材料的腐蚀性。本文论述了毛细水对工程的危害性，并分析了原因提出了相关的防治的措施。关键词：毛细水，工程危害，施工管理，工艺，防治措施2Abstractreferstogroundwaterbysoilcapillarywaterintergranularporecapillaryactionoftherisingwater,itisaffectedbywaterandtheairinterfaceinthefreewatersurfacetensioneffect.Theformationprocessofcapillarywaterusuallyusecapillaryphenomenoninphysicsanditsdistributioninsoilgraininternalconnectivityofporecanbeasmanydifferentshapes,differentdiameterofcapillary,connectedtoeachother.Finephenomenonisharmful,forexample,whenbuildinghouses,capillaryinthetampfoundationmoreandthin,theywillleadthewaterinthesoil,makeindoorwet.Buildingonthefoundationslaidlinoleum,isinordertopreventcapillaryphenomenoncausedbywet;Capillarywatermainlyexistinthesizeoftheporediameterwas0.5~0.002mm,theirimpactontheprojectare:capillarypressure,forthesandysoilisespeciallyfinesand,silt,sandduetocapillarypressureeffecthavecertaincohesiveforceofsoil(calledafalsecohesiveforce);Capillarygasdistributioninthesoilandwatercirculationhaveacertainimpact,oftenisthecauseofclosedgas.Soilcanincreaseflexibilityandreducethepermeabilityofsoil;Underthelocalwaterdepthisshallow,duetothecapillarywaterrise,cancontributetothefoundationsoilfreezing,dampbasementevenharmhousefoundation,damageroadsurface,promptingandswampingofsoilsalinization,therebyenhancinggroundwatercorrosiontoconcreteandotherbuildingmaterials.Thispaperdiscussestheharmfulnessofcapillarywaterinengineeringandanalyzesthereasonsputforwardtherelevantmeasuresofpreventionandcontrol.KeyWords:capillarywater,engineering,constructionmanagement,technology,thepreventionandcontrolmeasures3目录1引言...................................................................................................................................52毛细水的基本理论知识...................................................................................................52.1毛细水的概念.........................................................................................................52.2毛细水的成因.........................................................................................................52.3毛细水的种类.........................................................................................................62.3.1支持毛细水...................................................................................................62.3.2悬挂毛细水...................................................................................................62.3.3孔角毛细水...................................................................................................62.4公路潜水,滞水,毛细水,承压水的区别..................................................................63毛细现象的探究...............................................................................................................63.1毛细现象的表现.....................................................................................................73.2毛细现象产生原因.................................................................................................74毛细水对工程的危害.......................................................................................................74.1毛细水上升的危害.................................................................................................84.2毛细水引起地下室过分潮湿.................................................................................94.3引起土地的沼泽化和盐渍化...............................................................................104.4潜蚀现象的危害...................................................................................................105毛细水的防治措施..........................................................................................................115.1详细了解水位的技术指标....................................................................................115.2隔水支护的设计....................................................................................................115.3毛细水隔断层的施工工艺...................................................................................125.3.1工艺特点.....................................................................................................125.3.2适用范围.....................................................................................................125.3.3材料选型要求.............................................................................................135.4管理方面的措施...................................................................................................135.5施工中防治毛细水的对应措施...........................................................................135.5.1盐渍土现象的防治措施...........................................................