Part2考点11Part2语法专题考点11名词性从句Subject主语Predicative表语Object宾语名词性从句ClauseAppositiveClause同位语从句ObjectClause宾语从句PredicativeClause表语从句SubjectClause主语从句Appositive同位语连词:that,whether/if,asif/though引导名词性从句的引导词连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,whosever,which,whichever连接副词:when,where,how,why一引导词二it作形式主语和形式宾语三语序四时态五主谓一致六名词性从句中的虚拟语气七否定前移八同位语从句和定语从句的区别一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语,相当于名词,故称为名词性从句。于是,名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句4大类。熟读深思1.主语从句定义:主语从句就是指在另一个句子中充当主语的句子。它由连接词that,whether及特殊疑问词连接。(1)Whathewillcomeheretoseeusiscertain.[改错](What→That)(2)Ifheisfreenowisuncertain.[改错](If→Whether)(3)Itdoesn'tmatterhowhecanattendourmeeting.[改错](how→whether/if)熟读深思(4)That2008BeijingOlympicGamesaresuccessfulisknowntoall.(5)It'simportantthatyoushouldfinishyourworkontime.(6)Itishissuggestionthathisson(should)stayathomeatweekends.(7)Itissuggestedthatweshouldmakegooduseoftime.归纳总结1.连词的选用:规则1:that连接从句时,从句为一个句意完整、语气确定的陈述句,而that没有具体意思,不充当句子成分,只是起标志性的作用,但that不能省略,如:(1)。规则2:whether连接从句时,从句的句意完整,但是语气不肯定,表示怀疑。它来源于一般疑问句,whether不能省略,意为“是否”,在句首时不能用if替换,如:(2)、(3)。归纳总结规则3:特殊疑问词连接从句时,特殊疑问词用来表示询问某种情况。它来源于特殊疑问句,特殊疑问词不能省略,在从句中充当句子成分。2.语序:主语从句要用陈述句语序,即主谓语序。3.时态:主句时态为过去时,从句时态为过去的某一时态;主句时态为现在时或将来时,从句时态视具体情况而定。熟读深思2.宾语从句定义:在另一个句子中充当宾语的句子称为宾语从句。(1)HesaidthathewasfromHunanProvince.(2)Idon'tknowwhetherhecancomethisafternoon.(3)CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?(4)Idon'tknowwhatheisdoingnow.(5)WheredoyouthinkTomisfrom?1.连词的选用规则1:that连接的宾语从句为一个句意完整、语气肯定的陈述句,that通常可以省略(但多个并列的宾语从句中只能省略第一个that),没有具体的汉语意思,不充当句子成分,只是起标志性的作用,如:(1)。规则2:whether/if连接的宾语从句,whether/if意为“是否”(但whether…ornot结构或者介词宾语以及whether+todo结构时只能用whether,不能用if来替换),如:(2)。归纳总结规则3:特殊疑问词从句,从句来源于特殊疑问句,特殊疑问词不能省略,在从句中充当句子成分,如:(3)。2.语序不论主句为何种句型,宾语从句用陈述句语序,如:(4)。3.时态主句时态若为过去时,从句时态为过去的某一时态;主句时态若为现在时或将来时,从句时态视具体情况而定。归纳总结4.双重疑问句中,主句用疑问语序,而宾语从句总是用陈述语序,即:主谓语序,如:(5)。【注意】What'swrong(withsb./sth.)?What'sthematter(withsb./sth.)?Whathashappened?以上句子中,特殊疑问词就是句子的主语,所以在宾语从句中的语序无需变化。归纳总结熟读深思3.表语从句定义:在另一个句子中充当表语的句子被称为表语从句。(1)MydreamisIwillhavemyowncompany.[改错](is∧I→that)(2)Theproblemisifwecangetthereontime.[改错](if→whether)(3)Thatiswhyhedidn'tcomeherethismorning.归纳总结1.连词的选用规则1:that从句:从句为一个句意完整的陈述句,that不能省略,没有具体的汉语意思,不充当句子成分,只是起标志性的作用,如:(1)。规则2:whether从句:从句来源于一般疑问句,为一个句意完整、语气不确定的陈述句。whether不能省略,意为“是否”,不能用if替换,如:(2)。规则3:特殊疑问词从句:从句来源于特殊疑问句,特殊疑问词不能省略,在从句中充当句子成分,如:(3)。归纳总结2.语序表语从句要用陈述句语序,即主谓语序。3.时态主句时态为过去时,从句时态为过去的某一时态;主句时态为现在时或将来时,从句时态视具体情况而定。归纳总结4.常见的句型(1)Itlooks/seemsasif…好像……;仿佛……(2)Thisisbecause…这是因为……(3)Thereasonwhy…isthat………的原因是……(4)Thatiswhy…那是因为……(5)Thequestion/problemiswhether/when/where…问题是……(6)Hisdream/suggestion/aim/purposeisthat…他的梦想/建议/目标/目的是……熟读深思4.同位语从句定义:解释说明另一个句子中某一个抽象名词的句子叫同位语从句。常见的抽象名词有:news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise,word等。(1)Hissuggestionwhatwebetherewaitingforthemisreasonable.[改错](what→that)(2)Heaskedherthequestioniftheycanbefriends.[改错](if→whether)(3)Hedidn'tanswerthequestionwhenwewouldgotothemuseum.(4)Heshowedushiswayhowheworkedoutthatproblem.熟读深思(5)Wingsaretobirdswhatsailsaretoships.(6)Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.=Anybodywhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.(7)Parentsshouldn'tbuywhatevertheirchildrenwant.=Parentsshouldn'tbuyanythingthattheirchildrenwant.(8)Therearemanybooksinourlibrary.Youcanborrowwhicheverbookyoulike.=Therearemanybooksinourlibrary.Youcanborrowanybookthatyoulike.归纳总结1.连词的选用规则1:that从句:从句为一个句意完整的陈述句,that不能省略,没有具体的汉语意思,不充当句子成分,只是起标志性的作用,如:(1)。规则2:whether从句:从句来源于一般疑问句,whether不能省略,意为“是否”,不能用if替换,如:(2)。规则3:特殊疑问词从句:从句来源于特殊疑问句,特殊疑问词不能省略,在从句中充当句子成分,如:(3)。归纳总结2.语序表语从句要用陈述句语序,即主谓语序。3.时态主句时态为过去时,从句时态为过去的某一时态;主句时态为现在时或将来时,从句时态视具体情况而定。而suggestion,advice,order,request,requirement等名词的同位语从句需用“(should)+动词原形”,如:(1)。【注意】常见的同位语从句直接放在抽象名词之后,分隔式同位语从句是抽象名词和同位语从句之间出现谓语动词,以平衡句子结构,避免头重脚轻。归纳总结区别同位语从句定语从句先行词其说明的名词为order,suggestion,fact,news,word等抽象名词任何名词引导词引导词that不充当从句的任何成分,即同位语从句本身是个意义完整的陈述句关系代词that代替先行词,在从句中充当主语或宾语that不可省略that可省可由what,how引导,如:(4)what,how不能引导定语从句4.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别(名词性从句的引导词用法)归纳总结5.特殊句型:(1)AistoBwhatCistoD.如:(5)。(2)whoever/whatever/whichever连接名词性从句时,既在主句中充当成分,又在从句中充当成分。①whoever引导名词性从句时,whoever=anybodywho…如:(6)。②whatever引导名词性从句时,whatever=anythingthat…如:(7)。③whichever引导名词性从句时,whichever=any+名词+that…如:(8)。熟读深思5.目的状语从句用适当的连词填空(1)Wegotupearlyin_order_that(为了)wecouldcatchthefirstbus.(2)Wegotupearlyfor_fear_that/lest/in_case_that(以免)weshouldmissthefirstbus.归纳总结目的状语从句常见的连词有:(1)inorderthat/sothat…意为“为了……”;(2)incasethat/forfearthat/lest意为“以免;以防”等。规则1:sothat/inorderthat+从句(从句用can/could/may/might+动词原形),如:(1)。规则2:forfearthat/incasethat+从句,意为“以防,万一……”,从句可以用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”,如:(2)。熟读深思6.地点状语从句用适当的连词填空(1)Makeamarkwhereyouhaveproblems.(2)Iwillfindhimwhereverhemaybe.归纳总结地点状语从句常见的连词有:1.where在……地方,如:(1)。2.wherever无论在……地方,如:(2)。熟读深思7.让步状语从句用适当的让步状语从句连词填空(1)Althoughheisrich,heneverwastesacoin.(2)Richmanasheis,heworkshard.(3)Hardasheworked,hefailed.(4)Tryashemight,Tomcouldnotgetoutofthedifficulty.(5)Even_ifitsnowstomorrow,weshallstillgoonbusiness.(6)No_matter_who(=Whoever)breakstherule,hewillbepunished.(7)Whetheryougoornottomorrow,wewillgoouting.归纳总结规则1:although/though/while意为“虽然;尽管”,如:(1)。规则2:表语(形容词/名