瞬间性动词与延续性动词(新)

延续性动词与非延续性动词动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。表示时间段的短语有:1.for+一段时间,eg:for2years;foralongtime等2.since从句,sincehecamehere;3.since+时间点+ago,eg：sincelastyear,since5daysago;4.howlong;二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open,die,close,begin,finish,come,go,move,borrow,lend,buy等。如果要与for+时间段，since+年份，since+时间段+ago，howlong连用时，瞬间性动词要变延续性动词。三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：非延续性动词延续性动词leavebeaway(from)borrowkeepbuyhavebegin/startbeondiebedeadfinishbeoverjoinbein+组织机构;beamemberof+组织机构opensth.keepsth.opencomeherebeheregotherebetherebecomebecomebackbebackcometo/getto/arrive(in/at)/reach/movetobe(in)/stay(in/at)go(get)outbeoutputonwearfallillbeillgetupbeupcatchacoldhaveacoldfallasleepbeasleepgettoknowknowwakeupbeupclosebeclosed例：（1）他死了三年了。误：Hehasdiedforthreeyears.正：Hehasbeendeadforthreeyears.正：Hediedthreeyearsago.正：Itisthreeyearssincehedied.正：Threeyearshaspassedsincehedied.(2)他来这儿五天了。误：Hehascomehereforfivedays.正：Hehasbeenhereforfivedays.正：Hecameherefivedaysago.正：Itisfivedayssincehecamehere.正：Fivedayshaspassedsincehecamehere.(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示段时间的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法：(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式.(2)将句中表示段时间的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。(3)用句型Itis+段时间+since...表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。(4)用句型时间+haspassed+since...表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。四、终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如:1.Hehasn'tleftheresince1986.2.Ihaven'theardfrommyfatherfortwoweeks.五、终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成not+终止性动词+until/till...的句型，意为直到……才……。如：1.Youcan'tleavehereuntilIarrive.直到我到了，你才能离开这里。2.IwillnotgotobeduntilIfinishdrawingthepicturetonight.今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。六、终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是点时间(从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，也可以是段时间(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如：1.WhenwereachedLondon,itwastwelveo'clock.(reach为终止性动词)2.Pleaselookaftermydaughterwhile/whenweareaway.(beaway为延续性动词短语)七、终止性动词完成时不可与howlong连用(只限于肯定式)。如:误：Howlonghaveyoucomehere?正：Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?正：Whendidyoucomehere?补充练习：1.Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus___for20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway2.I_____theLeaguefor5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeenin3.Thefactory_____sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened4.MaryandRose_______friendssincetheymetin2000.A.havemadeB.havebeenC.madeD.havebecome5.Youmustn't____untilhecomesback.A.beawayB.leaveC.beleft6.Themeeting_______foraweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenover7.MissGao______thisschoolfornearly5years.A.hasbeeninB.hascometoC.hastaught8.Ben______ateacherfor4years.A.hasbeenB.hasbecomeC.wasD.became9.I______homeforaweek.A.havereturnedB.havebeenbackC.returned10.Howlong_______he________?A.diedB.has,died.has,beendead11.He_____ateightyesterdayafternoon.A.sleptB.wassleepingC.hassleepD.hadslept12.He________thecarforaweek.A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hashad13.-----Howlong_____you_____ill?-----Twoweeks.A.didfallB.have,fellC.have,been14.Since2000,he_____hishometown.A.hasleftB.hasmovedawayC.hasbeenawayfrom15.I'lllendyouthebook,butyoucanonly____itfor2days.A.borrowB.keepC.take16.Thebus______ontheroadfor2hourssofar.A.hasstoppedB.stoppedC.hasbeen17.Areyou_____thejacketthesedays?A.wearingB.puttingonC.dressingD.on18.He________foe2hours.A.gotupB.hasgotupC.hasbeenup19.Tomisillinhospital.He_______acoldforseveraldays.A.isB.catchesC.hascaughtD.hashad20.-----HowlongcanI______thebook?------Twoweeks.A.borrowB.lendC.getD.keep1---5DCABB;6---10CAABC;11---15BCCCB;16---20CACDD