美国文学-Wallace-Stevens

WallaceStevens(1879-1955)华莱士·史蒂文斯ThehouseofWallaceStevensWallaceStevensmonumentLifeandcareer•WallaceStevens(October2,1879–August2,1955)wasanAmericanModernistpoet.HewasborninReading,Pennsylvania,educatedatHarvardandthenNewYorkLawSchool,andhespentmostofhislifeworkingasanexecutiveforaninsurancecompanyinHartford,Connecticut.–Thesonofaprosperouslawyer,StevensattendedHarvardasanon-degreespecialstudent,afterwhichhemovedtoNewYorkCityandbrieflyworkedasajournalist.HethenattendedNewYorkLawSchool,graduatingin1903.–AfterhegraduatingfromNewYorklawschoolhewasadmittedtotheNewYorkbarin1904,theyearhemetElsieRachel,ayoungwomanfromReading,whomhemarriedin1909.Theyhadadaughter,Holly,whowasbornin1924andlatereditedherfather'slettersandacollectionofhispoems.–AfterworkingforseveralNewYorklawfirmsfrom1904to1907,hewashiredonJanuary13,1908,asalawyerfortheAmericanBondingCompany.By1914hehadbecomethevice-presidentoftheNewYorkofficeoftheEquitableSuretyCompanyofSt.Louis,Missouri.LifeandcareerHereceivedtheNationalBookAwardin1951and1955.(美)国家图书奖WonthePulitzerPrizeforPoetryin1955.(普利策奖)FirstbookofpoetryentitledHarmonium,1923.Twomoremajorbooksofpoetryduringthe1920sand1930sandthreemoreinthe1940s.CollectedPoemsin1955,forwhichhewonthePulitzerPrizeforPoetry.Stevens'sfirstpublishedworkHarmoniumappearedin1914inPoetrymagazine.Harmonium(1923)washisfirstcollectionofverse.Itcontainssomeofhisbestknownpoems,LeMonocledeMonUncle《我叔叔的单片眼镜》TheEmperorofIceCream《冰激凌皇帝》IncludingSundayMorning《星期日早晨》AnecdoteoftheJar《坛子轶闻》TheNecessaryAngel《必要地天使》Laterworksofpoetryincluded:IdeasofOrder《秩序的思考》(1935),TheManwiththeBlueGuitar《拿蓝色吉它的人》(1937),NotesTowardaSupremeFiction《超小说笔记》(1942),(whichisoftenconsideredhismasterpiece)TheAurorasofAutumn《秋日晨曦》(1950).LiterarystyleHebelievesthatthepoetshouldfindbeautifulness,joy,,fun,stimulationandmeaningsinthedirtyrealitiesofthesocity.Sohecommittedtostudytheinherentrelationshipbetweenrealityandart;Thepoet‘smeditationonnature：headvocatedtheacceptanceofthenaturalrealityoflife,againsttheWorldofUltimateBliss;Thelaterpoemstendtothinking.thereisnofixedpattern.Itisdifficulttounderstand.1.Language:meticulous;fullofwit,puns,andirony;difficulttounderstand.语言细致，充满智慧的，多用双关语，讽刺;很难理解。2.Asensualpoet,delightindepictingtheworldbyfindingthepleasureinsenses.一个感性的诗人，发现在感官的快乐世界中描绘的喜悦。ReputationandinfluenceInhisearlycareer,influencedbytheimagistmovementandtheverserevolutionofthetime.Inthelateyears,hebecamediffuseandreflective.“hispoemswerecomposedinthemeditativemoodandwerefilledwithparadoxicalgeneralizationsandquasi-philosophicaldeliberations.”ReputationandinfluenceStevens’sworkbecameevenbetterknownafterhisdeath.Manypoets—JamesMerrillandDonaldJusticemostexplicitly—haveacknowledgedStevensasamajorinfluenceontheirwork,andhisimpactmayalsobeseeninJohnAshbery,MarkStrand,JorieGraham,JohnHollander,andothers.OnemusthaveamindofwinterToregardthefrostandtheboughsOfthepine-treescrustedwithsnow;AndhavebeencoldalongtimeTobeholdthejunipersshaggedwithice,Thesprucesroughinthedistantglitter若想敬仰松树枝干层层为霜雪覆盖，你得具备冬天的头脑。在寒冷中持久凝视，那冰雪蓬松的刺柏丛林，那闪烁在远处诗歌欣赏OftheJanuarysun;andnottothinkOfanymiseryinthesoundofthewind,Inthesoundofafewleaves,WhichisthesoundofthelandFullofthesamewindThatisblowinginthesamebareplaceForthelistener,wholistensinthesnow,And,nothinghimself,beholdsNothingthatisnotthereandthenothingthatis.腊月阳光下的迷漫云杉。不要去想那风声和树叶夹带着的凄凉。这声音是风地里的声音，这风是为在空地上的你而吹。在雪里聆听的人儿啊，听着与己无关的事儿，那儿不存在的东西看见，眼里只有现存的一片空旷。诗歌分析本篇名为“雪人”，却没有描写任何雪人的意象，作者强调想象力的作用，希望通过诗歌朦胧的内涵，构筑起联系现实和想象世界的桥梁，把“雪人”蕴于诗行中，使其成为一个巧妙的隐喻，用于比喻一种抽象的、虚无的“冬日心境”。小组成员：李会娟李新莉梁红燕