Ernest-Hemingway-PPT

ErnestHemingway1899-1961HislifeandwritingSpokesmanfortheLostGeneration”HismajorworksHisthematicpatternsHisstyleSelectedReadingHislifeandwritingHemingwaywasamythinhisowntimeandhislifewascolorful.borninOakPark,Illinois;lovedsportsandoftenwenthuntingandfishingwithhisfather,whichprovidedhimwithwritingmaterials.Afterhighschool,workedasareporter.DuringWorldWarIheservedasanhonorablejuniorofficerintheAmericanRedCrossAmbulanceCorpsandin1918wasseverelywoundedinbothlegs.Afterthewar,hewenttoParisasaforeignreporter.InfluencedandguidedbySherwoodAnderson,StephenCraneandGertrudeSteinhebecameawriterandbegantoattractattention.LaterheactivelyparticipatedintheSpanishCivilWarandWorldWarII.In1954,wasawardedtheNobelPrizeforliterature.In196l,inillhealth,anxietyanddeepdepression,shothimselfwithahuntinggun.SpokesmanfortheLostGeneration“WhentheFirstWorldWarbrokeout,manyyoungAmericansvolunteeredtotakepartinthewarwiththewishtoendallwars.Buttheharshrealitymadethemawarethatmodernwarfarewasnotthatgloriousorheroicastheythoughtittobe.Disillusionedbythewaranddisgustedbythefrivolous,greedy,andheedlesswayoflifeinAmerica,theylefttheirhomecountryagain.Asawriter,Hemingwayvividlyrecordedinhisworkthelifeofthosephysicallyandmentallywoundedsoldiers,revealedthefrustration,lonelinessanddisillusionmentofmodernpeoplewhoseidealswereshatteredatatimewhenGodisdead.Thehorrorandmenace,theanguishanddereliction,andthefutilityandsterilityexpressedinhisworkshadbeenafflictingallsensitivemembersofthepost-wargeneration.Thus.HemingwaybecamethespokesmanfortheLostGeneration.Greatlyandpermanentlyaffectedbythewarexperiences,Hemingwayformedhisownwritingstyle,togetherwithhisthemeandhero.MajorworksInOurTime(1925)Itisacollectionof15shortstories,mostofwhichtreatlifeintheMiddleWest,buttheinterpolatedsketchesdescribewarinEuropeandbullfights.Thestoicimpersonalityofhisfirsthero,hisalterego,NickAdamsishisfirsteye'slookingattheworldastheboyobservesandlearnsfromthestupiditiesandsordidviolenceofasuccessionofintimatehumanepisodes-InOurTimerankshighinHemingway'sworksbecauseitisthefirsttimewhenaHemingwayhero,psychologicallyandphysicallywounded,stepsintothespotlighttolearntolivewithgraceunderpressure.Eventheverytitleisanirony,becauseunlikeaChristianprayerGiveuspeaceinourtimethereisnopeaceinNick'slife.Sincehecannotmakeaseparatepeacewiththeenemy,theonlywaytoitistofaceitboldly.Moreimportantly,Nick,thenascentHemingwayhero,isaprototypeforlaterheroes.Inthissense,hislaterworkscanbeseenasarepetitionofNickAdam'sstories,inwhichNickisbecomingmoreandmoremature.TheSunAlsoRises(1926)Hemingway'sfirsttruenovel,castslightonTheLostGeneration.Theyoungexpatriatesinthisnovelareagroupofwandering,amusing,butaimlesspeople,whoarecaughtinthewarandremovedfromthepathofordinarylife.Thenovelisusuallyinterpretedasachronicleofalostgeneration,asanexpressionofnihilism,orasarepresentationofmotion,whichgoesnoplace.Jake'swarinjuryandhisresultingimpotencemakehimthesymbolofhisownandhiscreator'sgeneration.Hisphysicalimpotenceisatokenofmodernman'sspiritualimpotence.However,manhoodforHemingwayismeasurednotbysexualprowessbutbyone'sabilitytomasterhisownlife,andJakeBarneshasdemonstrated,despitehisphysicalincompleteness,thatheisfullyamanineverysensethatmatterstoHemingway.AFarewelltoArms(1929)Hemingway'ssecondbigsuccessIttellsaboutthetragiclovestoryaboutawoundedAmericansoldierwithaBritishnurse.FrederickHenryrepresentstheexperienceofawholenation,whoiswoundedinwaranddisillusionedwiththeinsanityandfutilityoftheuniverse.Inthisnovel,Hemingwaynotonlyemphasizeshisbeliefthatmanistrappedbothphysicallyandmentally,butgoestosamelengthstorefutetheideaofnatureasanexpressionofeitherGod'sdesignorhisbeneficenceandtosuggestthatmanisdoomedtobeentrapped.UnlikeJakeBarnsinTheSunAlsoRiseswhoisphysicallyscarred,Frederickishealthyinbody,butsufferingfromakindofmentalillness,becausewhatheistoldtobelieveinwar,thatis,glory,honorandnobility,finallyturnsintobloodanddeath.ByfleeingfromthewararmsandgettingintoCatherine'sarms,Frederickwantstoachieveaseparatepeaceinthechaoticuniverse.Bothofthemconfrontthehostileworldandfightitfortheirhappiness.However,theyneverhaveachance.Intheend,weseeFrederickwalkingintherain,headingsomewherewedon'tknow.ButwedoknowthatFredericwillnotcommitsuicideafteralltheseexperiencesofwarandlove.Heisnowmature;hehasseenthecrueltyandindifferenceoftheworld;andhehasrealizedthatnothingeverhappenstothebrave.TheHemingwayherowillcontinuetolivewithgraceunderpressure.ForWhomtheBellTolls(1940)ItconcernsavolunteerAmericanguerrillaRobertJordanfightingintheSpanishCivilWar.Althoughfullyawareofthedoomedfailureofhisstruggle,hekeepsonstrivingbecauseitisacauseoffreedomanddemocracy.Intheend,themannerofhisdyingconvincespeoplethatlifeisworthlivingandtherearecausesworthdyingfor.ThetitleisfromasermonbyJohnDonne.RobertJordan,anAmerican,hasenteredtheLoyalistarmyduringtheSpanishCivilWarandhasbeensenttojoinaguerrillabandinthemountainsnearSegoviatoblowupastrategicbridgeattheexactminutethatwillhelpaloyalistadvance.Duringthethreedaysandnightshefal