初中英语阅读教学

刘清波淄博市教学研究室2015.3.14阅读教学阅读教学的重要性初衷充分利用教材文本，获得语言学习的最大成效。初中英语阅读教学的开展，迫在眉睫。构成我们学业考试的卷子，除了小部分的句子，大部分都是以篇章形式出现的。仅从备考的角度来看，阅读教学也是非常之重要的。阅读教学的重要性而老师们平时的阅读教学，却是把新的单词、词组、语法从篇章中抽出来，进行单词词组的汉译英、英译汉，语法的讲解与单项选择练习。如果你不带着课本，你根本不知道老师在讲什么，只知道讲了哪些单词，哪些语法。阅读教学的重要性这样的教法，在师资水平极其低下的年代，尚情有可原。在师资水平已大幅提高，英语资源极其丰富的今天，这种教法，就显得很落后，而且效率低下。阅读教学的重要性英语也是一种语文。语文教学，不关注语篇，只关注组成语言的词汇与语法等知识碎片，既达不到课程标准要求的工具性目标，更达不到人文性目标，永远不会有效率，永远不会有境界。阅读教学的重要性即使是单词与语法的学习，学生也仅仅是机械地记忆。由于单词和语法的学习缺乏语境，学生在单词和语法上花费了很大的时间与精力，学习效率却很低。有的老师，在连续很长的时间内，只是讲单词语法，不让学生接触语篇，这样的备考，是不可能取得好的成绩的。阅读教学的重要性TherearemanyreasonswhygettingstudentstoreadEnglishtextsisanimportantpartoftheteacher'sjob.Inthefirstplace,manyofthemwanttobeabletoreadtextsinEnglisheitherfortheircareers,forstudypurposesorsimplyforpleasure.Anythingwecandotomakereadingeasierforthemmustbeagoodidea.JeremyHarmer:HowtoTeachEnglish阅读教学的重要性Whyteachreading?Readingisusefulforotherpurposestoo:anyexposuretoEnglish(providedstudentsunderstanditmoreorless)isagoodthingforlanguagestudents.Attheveryleast,someofthelanguagesticksintheirmindsaspartoftheprocessoflanguageacquisition,and,ifthereadingtextisespeciallyinterestingandengaging,acquisitionislikelytobeevenmoresuccessful.JeremyHarmer:HowtoTeachEnglishP68阅读教学的重要性Whyteachreading?ReadingtextsalsoprovidegoodmodelsforEnglishwriting.Whenweteachtheskillofwriting,wewillneedtoshowstudentsmodelsofwhatweareencouragingthemtodo.JeremyHarmer:HowtoTeachEnglishP68阅读教学的重要性Whyteachreading?Readingtextsalsoprovideopportunitiestostudylanguage:vocabulary,grammar,punctuation,andthewayweconstructsentences,paragraphsandtexts.Lastly,goodreadingtextscanintroduceinterestingtopics,stimulatediscussion,exciteimaginativeresponsesandbethespringboardforwell-rounded,fascinatinglessons.JeremyHarmer:HowtoTeachEnglishP68阅读教学的重要性Whyteachreading?阅读的维度•Definition定义•Goals目的•Theories理论•Strategies策略•Modes模式•Issues问题阅读的定义阅读的定义Readingisasetofskillsthatinvolvesmakingsenseandderivingmeaningfromtheprintedword.PracticalEnglishLanguageTeaching:YoungLearnersP69Inordertoread,wemustbeabletodecodetheprintedwordsandalsocomprehendwhatweread.PracticalEnglishLanguageTeaching:YoungLearnersP69阅读的定义Forsecondlanguagelearnerstherearethreedifferentelementswhichimpactreading:thechild’sbackgroundknowledge,thechild’slinguisticknowledgeofthetargetlanguage,andthestrategiesortechniquesthechildusestotacklethetext.PracticalEnglishLanguageTeaching:YoungLearnersP69阅读的定义Readingcanbedefinedsimplyasmakingmeaningfromprint.PracticalEnglishLanguageTeaching:ReadingP2阅读的定义Fourkeyelementscombineintheprocessofmakingmeaningfromprint:thereader,thetext,readingstrategies,andfluency.PracticalEnglishLanguageTeaching:ReadingP2阅读的定义阅读的定义Readingisaprocessofreaderscombininginformationfromatextandtheirownbackgroundknowledgetobuildmeaning.Meaningdoesnotrestinthereadernordoesitrestinthetext.Thereader’sbackgroundknowledgeintegrateswiththetexttocreatethemeaning.PracticalEnglishLanguageTeaching:ReadingP2-3阅读的定义Thegoalofreadingiscomprehension.Fluentreadingisdefinedastheabilitytoreadatanappropriateratewithadequatecomprehension.Strategicreadingisdefinedastheabilityofthereadertouseawidevarietyofreadingstrategiestoaccomplishapurposeforreading.Goodstrategicreadersknowwhattodowhentheyencounterdifficulties.PracticalEnglishLanguageTeaching:ReadingP3阅读的定义Readingisareceptivelanguageprocess.Itisapsycholinguisticprocessinthatitstartswithalinguisticsurfacerepresentationencodedbyawriterandendswithmeaningwhichthereaderconstructs.Thereisthusanessentialinteractionbetweenlanguageandthoughtinreading.Thewriterencodesthoughtaslanguageandthereaderdecodeslanguagetothought.InteractiveApproachestoSecondLanguageReadingP12阅读的定义Further,proficientreadersarebothefficientandeffective.Theyareeffectiveinconstructingameaningthattheycanassimilateoraccommodateandwhichbearssomelevelofagreementwiththeoriginalmeaningoftheauthor.Andreadersareefficientinusingtheleastamountofefforttoachieveeffectiveness.InteractiveApproachestoSecondLanguageReadingP12阅读的定义Toaccomplishthisefficiencyreadersmaintainconstantfocusonconstructingthemeaningthroughouttheprocess,alwaysseekingthemostdirectpathtomeaning,alwaysusingstrategiesforreducinguncertainty,alwaysbeingselectiveabouttheuseofthecuesavailableanddrawingdeeplyonpriorconceptualandlinguisticcompetence.InteractiveApproachestoSecondLanguageReadingP12阅读的定义Efficientreadersminimizedependenceonvisualdetail.Anyreader’sproficiencyisvariabledependingonthesemanticbackgroundbroughtbythereadertoanygivenreadingtask.InteractiveApproachestoSecondLanguageReadingP12阅读的目的英语课程承担着培养学生基本英语素养和发展学生思维能力的任务，即学生通过英语课程掌握基本的英语语言知识，发展基本的英语听说读写技能，初步形成用英语与他人交流的能力，进一步促进思维能力的发展，为今后继续学习英语和用英语学习其他相关科学文化知识奠定基础。《义务教育英语课程标准》（2011年版）阅读的目的工具性英语课程承担着提高学生综合人文素养的任务，即学生通过英语课程能够开阔视野，丰富生活经历，形成跨文化意识，增强爱国主义精神，发展创新能力，形成良好的品格和正确的人生观与价值观。《义务教育英语课程标准》（2011年版）阅读的目的人文性语言知识语音词汇语法功能话题《义务教育英语课程标准》（2011年版）阅读的目的五个维度的目标语言技能听说读写《义务教育英语课程标准》（2011年版）阅读的目的五个维度的目标情感态度动机兴趣自信意志合作精神祖国意识国际视野《义务教育英语课程标准》（2011年版）阅读的目的五个维度的目标学习策略认知策略调控策略交际策略资源策略《义务教育英语课程标准》（2011年版）阅读的目的五个维度的目标文化意识文化知识文化理解跨文化交际意识和能力《义务教育英语课程标准》（2011年版）阅读的目的五个维度的目标ReadingforpleasureReadingfo