Academic-phrasebank-SCI学术论文写作套句

AcademicPhrasebankTheAcademicPhrasebankisacopyrightfreegeneralresourceforacademicwriters.Itaimstoprovideyouwithsomeofthephraseologicalnutsandboltsofwritingundertheheadingsbelow(seecontentstable).ItwasdesignedprimarilyforinternationalstudentswhosefirstlanguageisnotEnglish.However,ifyouareanativespeakerwriter,youmaystillfindpartsofthematerialhelpful.Thephrasescanbeusedsimplytoassistyouinthinkingaboutyourwriting,ortheycanbepastedintoyourownworkwherethisisappropriate.Inmostcasesacertainamountofcreativitywillbenecessarywhenyoudothis.Itisalsopossibletotransfersomeofthewordsusedinparticularphrasestoothers.Thephrasesarecontentneutralandgenericinnature;inusingthem,therefore,youarenotstealingotherpeople'sideasandthisdoesnotconstituteplagiarism.UserswillneedtobeawarethatPhrasebankisnotdisciplinespecific,anditdoesnotclaimtobecomprehensive.ContentsWritingIntroductions....................................................................................................................6Establishingtheimportanceofthetopic:...................................................................................6Establishingtheimportanceofthetopic(timeframegiven):.....................................................6Highlightingaprobleminthefieldofstudy:...............................................................................7Highlightingacontroversyinthefieldofstudy:.........................................................................7Highlightingaknowledgegapinthefieldofstudy(forresearch):..............................................7Focus,aim,argument:...............................................................................................................8Outlineofstructure:..................................................................................................................8ExplainingKeywords..................................................................................................................8ReferringtoLiterature...................................................................................................................8Generaldescriptionsoftherelevantliterature:..........................................................................9Generalreferencetopreviousresearch/scholarlyactivity(usuallymorethanoneauthor).........9Referencetocurrentstateofknowledge.................................................................................10Referencetosingleinvestigationsinthepast:researcher(s)assentencesubject.....................10Referencetosingleinvestigationsorpublicationsinthepast:timeframeprominent..............11Referencetosinglepublication:notimeframe........................................................................112AcademicPhrasebank4/2012|Referencetosingleinvestigationsinthepast:investigationprominent...................................11Referencetosingleinvestigationsinthepast:researchtopicassubject..................................12Referencetowhatotherwritersdointheirtext(authorassubject)........................................12Referencetootherwriters'ideas(authorassubject)...............................................................13Somewaysofintroducingquotations......................................................................................13BeingCritical...............................................................................................................................13Introducingquestions,problemsandlimitations(theory)........................................................14Introducingquestions,problemsandlimitations(method/practice)........................................14Identifyingastudy'sweakness.................................................................................................14Offeringconstructivesuggestions............................................................................................15Highlightinginadequaciesofpreviousstudies..........................................................................15Introducingotherpeople'scriticisms.......................................................................................15DescribingMethods.....................................................................................................................16Describingdifferentmethods...................................................................................................16Givingreasonswhyaparticularmethodwasadopted.............................................................16Indicatingaspecificmethod....................................................................................................16Describingthecharacteristicsofthesample............................................................................17Indicatingreasonsforsamplecharacteristics...........................................................................17Describingtheprocess:infinitiveofpurpose............................................................................17Describingtheprocess:otherphrasesexpressingpurpose.