搜索
语法一、字母1、字母表（26个字母的顺序和书写格式）AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz2、元音字母：AaEeIiOoUu3、分类（音）：AaHhJjKkEeBbCcDdGgPpTtVvIiYyUuQqWw[e]FfLlMmNnSsXxZz其它：RrOo4、字母缩写：CN中国（PRC）中华人民共和国USA（US）美国UK英国UN联合国WC洗手间Mr.先生Miss小姐Mrs夫人、女士二、重点句型三年级起点的人教版PEP教材在小学阶段共有8册书，其涉及的重要语法知识主要有7种：tobe句型、therebe句型、一般现在时句型、现在进行时句型、一般过去时句型、情态动词can引导的句型、begoingto句型等。现以5——8册书为例，简要分析如下：[一]tobe句型：用于介绍个人情况如姓名、健康状况、身份、国籍、家庭成员、朋友、职业等，描述地点、颜色、四季、日期、星期几等，该句型广泛分布于各册教材中，其中5——8册的句型主要有：1.Who’syourEnglishteacher?Mr.Carter.2.What’shelike?He’stallandstrong.3.Isshequiet?No,sheisn’t.Sheisveryactive.4.Isshestrict?Yes,sheis,butshe’sverykind.5.Whatdayisittoday?It’sWednesday.6.What’syourfavouritefruit/food…?7.They’resweet/sour/salty/healthy/…8.Whenisyourbirthday?It’sinMay.9.MybirthdayisinJune.UncleBill’sbirthdayisinJune,too.10.IsherbirthdayinJune?Yes,itis.11.What’sthedate?12.ThisisZhangPeng.13.Whereisthecinema,please?It’snexttothehospital.14.Howtallareyou？I’m164cmtall.15.Youareshorterthanme.16.You’re4cmtallerthanme.17.Howheavyareyou?I’m48kg.18.I’mthinnerthanyou,andshorter.19.What’sthematterwithyou?Mythroatissore.20.Howareyou,LiuYun/Sarah?[二]therebe句型：表示存在，即：“某处有某物”或“某时有某事”。句型基本结构为：Thereis+可数名词单数或不可数名词+时间或地点。Thereare+可数名词复数+地点。该句型主要分布在第5册的Unit5和Unit6中，如：1.Therearetwobedrooms,akitchen,abathroomandalivingroom.2.Thereisamirror,abedandabigcloset.3.Isthereaforestinthepark?Yes,thereis.4.Isthereariver?No,thereisn’t.5.Arethereanypandasinthemountains?No,therearen’t.6.Arethereanyfishintherivers?Yes,thereare.[三]一般现在时句型：表示习惯性的动作或行为，或现在存在着的状况。句型基本结构为：主语+行为动词+其他。当主语是第三人称单数时，要在动词原形后面加s或es，其他人称作主语时则用动词原形，在问句及否定句中需要用助动词do或does。这种句型通常有一些标志词，如：usuallyoftensometimesneveralways等。如：1.WhatdoyouhaveonThursdays?WehaveEnglish,mathandscienceonThursdays.2.WhatdoyoudoonSaturdays?IwatchTVonSaturdays.3.Idomyhomework.4.WhatdoyouhaveforlunchonMondays?Wehavetomatoes,tofuandfish.5.Ilikefruit.ButIdon’tlikegrapes.1.Whendoyoueatdinner?Ieatdinnerat7:00intheevening.2.Whendoyougetup?Iusuallygetupat12:00noon.3.Whatdoyoudoontheweekend?UsuallyIwatchTVandgoshopping.4.SometimesIvisitmygrandparents.Ioftenplayfootball.SometimesIgohiking.5.Whichseasondoyoulikebest?Ilikewinterbest.6.Whydoyoulikesummer/winter?1.Howdoyougotoschool,Sarah?2.UsuallyIgotoschoolonfoot.SometimesIgobybike.3.Ilikecollectingstamps.Helikescollectingstamps,too.4.Doessheteachmath?Yes,shedoes.5.DoessheteachEnglish？No,shedoesn’t.Sheteachesmath.6.Whatdoesyourmotherdo?Whatdoesyourfatherdo?7.Wheredoesshework?Sheworksinacarcompany.8.Howdoesshegotowork?Shegoestoworkbybus.9.Wheredoestheraincomefrom?Itcomesfromtheclouds.10.Wheredoesthecloudcomefrom?Itcomesfromthevapour.11.Wheredoesthevapourcomefrom?Itcomesfromthewaterintheriver.12.Thesunshinesandthewaterbecomesvapour.13.Howdoyoudothat?1.Mynosehurts.2.Howdoyoufeel?Ifeelsick.HowdoesAmyfeel?3.Youlooksohappy.Youlooksadtoday.[四]现在进行时句型：表示说话时正在进行的动作或事件，或在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况。标志词是：now也常用在Look!Listen!等后面。句型主要结构为：be动词（am,is,are）+动词现在分词(v.ing)。如：1.Whatareyoudoing?I’mdoingthedishes.I’mreadingabook.2.Grandpaiswritingaletter.Brotherisdoinghomework.Momiscookingdinnerinthekitchen.3.Heiswritingane-mailinthestudy.3.Whatisitdoing?It’seatingbananas.4.Whatisshedoing?She’sjumping.5.Whataretheydoing?They’reswimming.They’reclimbingtrees.6.Areyoueatinglunch?No,wearen’t.7.Aretheyeatingthehoney?Yes,theyare.8.Isheplayingchess?Yes,heis.9.Isshecountinginsects?No,sheisn’t.[五]一般过去时句型：表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。句型基本结构为：主语+动词过去式+其他。标志词通常是：yesterday,lastweek,lastyear等，在问句与否定句中要用助动词did。如：1.Whatdidyoudolastweekend?Iplayedfootball.2.Didyouhelpthemcleantheirroom?Yes,Idid.3.Whatdidyoudoyesterday?Iwentfishing.4.Didyoureadbook?Yes,Idid.5.Didyoucleanyourroom?No,Ididn’t.6.Wheredidyougoonyourholiday?IwenttoXinjiang.7.Whatdidyoudothere?Isanganddancedwithmynewfriends.8.Howdidyougothere？Iwentbytrain.此外，一般过去时也可用来表示客气的询问。如：Book3Unit5,Book5Unit3中的：Whatwouldyoulikeforlunch?I’dlikesome…[六]情态动词can引导的句型：表示有能力做某事，can后面的动词要用原形。如：1.Whatcanyoudo?Icansweepthefloor.Icancookthemeals.2.Icanwatertheflowers.3.Canyoumakethebed?No,Ican’t.4.Canyouuseacomputer?Yes,Ican.HowcanIgettoZhongshanPark?YoucangobytheNo.15bus.[七]将来时：我们的教材中出现过两种表示将来时的句型，即：will和begoingto句型，主要以begoingto句型为主，表示将要做某事或打算做某事。句型主要结构：am/is/are+goingto+v.原形。标志词有：tomorrownextweekendthismorningthisweekendnext…begoingto1.Whatareyougoingtodothisweekend?Iamgoingtovisitmygrandparents.2.Whereareyougoing?Iamgoingtothecinema.3.HowishegoingtoBeijing?HeisgoingtoBeijingbyplane.4.WhenisshegoingtoXiashan?Sheisgoingtogothereat9:00am.一、词类：动词：行为动词、be动词、情态动词。（1）行为动词原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing，具体判断方法如下：（2）be动词a、Am--wasIs--wasAre--were口诀：我用am,你用are,is用在他她它，所有复数全用are。b、肯定和否定句Iam(not)fromLondon.He/Sheis(not)ateacher.Myhairis(not)long.Hereyesare(not)small.c、一般疑问句AmI…?Yes,youare.No,youaren’t.Areyou/they…?Yes,we/theyare.No,we/theyaren’t.Isthecatfat?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.is、am、are为一类，一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中。was和were为另一类，一般用于一般过去时。（3）情态动词can、must、should、would、may。情态动词后动词总是用原形。（不受其他任何条件影响）名词这里强调两点：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was。如何加后缀：a．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-bedsb．以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watc