1钢筋焊接及验收规程JGJ18-2012施行日期:2012年08月01日前言根据住房和城乡建设部建标[2009]88号文的要求,标准修订组认真贯彻国家节材节能,环境保护的政策,调查研究,进行大量钢筋焊接试验,总结实践经验,参考国内外相关标准和资料,并在广泛征求意见的基础上修订、编制了本规程。本规程主要技术内容是:1总则;2术语和符号;3材料;4钢筋焊接;5质量检验与验收;6焊工考试;7焊接安全。本规程修订的主要内容:1.增加了术语和符号;2.根据国家现行标准,特别是GB1499.2-2007《钢筋混凝土用钢第2部分:热轧带肋钢筋》中细晶粒钢筋的出现,做了细晶粒钢筋各种焊接方法的试验后,增加了适用于焊接的钢筋牌号和规格;3.对用于钢筋电渣压力焊的钢筋下限直径,从14mm延伸至12mm;4.在焊接工艺方法方面,将箍筋闪光对焊从原来“钢筋闪光对焊”中列出,增补内容,单独成节;5.在钢筋电弧焊中,增加了CO2气体保护电弧焊的内容;6.在钢筋气压焊方面,增加了半自动钢筋固态气压焊和钢筋氧液化石油气熔态气压焊的内容;7.在预埋件T形接头焊接中增加了钢筋埋弧螺柱焊。在质量检验与验收的一般规定中,对于焊接接头拉伸试验质量要求作了较大修改,更好地符合生产实际,便于操作;对焊箍筋接头质量要求,独立成节;增加对焊箍筋接头、预埋件钢筋T型接头的连接方式和力学性能检验为主控项目。新增第7章焊接安全。本规程中以黑体字标志的条文为强制性条文,即:1.0.4,3.0.8,4.1.4,5.1.9,,必须严格执行。与JGJ18-2003中条文比较,条文内容有所修改补充。本规程第1版于1965年批准发布以来,随着钢筋焊接技术的不断发展,经84版、96版、2003版,至此已是第四次修订。钢筋焊接技术具有很多优越性,是一项节材、节能、少尘、少烟的环保技术,钢筋焊接工作者应正确实施规程,确保质量,降低成本,精益求精,有所创新,为国家经济建设作贡献。目次1总则·································································2术语和符号···························································3材料·································································4钢筋焊接·····························································24.1一般规定·························································4.2钢筋电阻点焊·····················································4.3钢筋闪光对焊·····················································4.4箍筋闪光对焊·····················································4.5钢筋电弧焊·······················································4.6钢筋电渣压力焊···················································4.7钢筋气压焊·······················································4.8预埋件钢筋埋弧压力焊·············································4.9预埋件钢筋埋弧螺柱焊·············································5质量检验与验收·······················································5.1一般规定·························································5.2钢筋焊接骨架和焊接网·············································5.3钢筋闪光对焊接头·················································5.4箍筋闪光对焊接头·················································5.5钢筋电弧焊接头···················································5.6钢筋电渣压力焊接头···············································5.7钢筋气压焊接头···················································5.8预埋件钢筋T形接头···············································6焊工考试····························································7焊接安全····························································附录A纵向受力钢筋焊接接头检验批质量验收记录···························附录B钢筋焊工考试合格证···············································本规程用词说明··························································引用标准名录····························································条文说明································································1总则,做到技术先进,节材节能,经济合理,安全适用,确保质量,制订本规程。;本规程适用的焊接方法包括钢筋电阻点焊、闪光对焊、箍筋闪光对焊、电弧焊、电渣压力焊、气压焊和预埋件T形接头钢筋埋弧压力焊、埋弧螺柱焊等焊接方法。,在本规程规定范围内选择使用。,才能按照合格证规定的范围上岗操作。,除按本规程执行外,尚应符合国家现行强制性标准的规定。2术语和符号2.1术语,压紧于两电极之间,利用电阻热熔化母材金属,加压形成焊点的一种压焊方法。,利用电阻热使接触点金属熔化,产生强烈闪光和飞溅,迅速施加顶锻力完成的一种压焊方法。3,利用电阻热使接触点金属熔化,产生强烈闪光和飞溅,迅速施加顶锻力,焊接形成封闭环式箍筋的一种压焊方法。钢筋焊条电弧焊是以焊条作为一极,钢筋为另一极,利用焊接电流通过产生的电弧热进行焊接的一种熔焊方法。,钢筋为另一极,并以CO2气体作为电弧介质,保护金属熔滴、焊接熔池和焊接区高温金属的一种钢筋电弧焊方法。二氧化碳气体保护焊简称CO2焊。,利用焊接电流通过两钢筋端面间隙,在焊剂层下形成电弧过程和电渣过程,产生电弧热和电阻热,熔化钢筋,加压完成的一种压焊方法。,(或其他火焰)对两钢筋对接处加热,使其达到热塑性状态(固态)或熔化状态(熔态)后,加压完成的一种压焊方法。加热达到固态的,约1150~1250℃,称钢筋固态气压焊;加热达到熔态的,在1540℃以上,称钢筋熔态气压焊。,利用焊接电流通过,在焊剂层下产生电弧,形成熔池,加压完成的一种压焊方法。,使钢筋垂直对准钢板,采用螺柱焊电源设备产生强电流、短时间的焊接电弧,在熔剂层保护下使钢筋焊接端面与钢板产生熔池后,适时将钢筋插入熔池,形成T形接头的焊接方法。,其金相组织主要是铁素体加珠光体,不得有影响使用性能的其他组织存在。,通过控轧和控冷工艺形成的细晶粒钢筋,其金相组织主要是铁素体加珠光体,不得有影响使用性能的其他组织存在,晶粒度不粗于9级。,两钢筋相互压入的深度与较小钢筋直径比,以%表示。,按箍筋的内净空尺寸和角度弯制成设计规定的形状,等待进行闪光对焊的箍筋。,焊缝与热影响区相互过渡的区域。,钢筋母材因受热的影响(但未熔化),使金属组织和力学性能发生变化的区域。若进一步区分,热影响区又可分成晶粒长大的粗晶区,混晶区(不完全重结晶区)和细晶区(重结晶区)等。,其上具有细小的凹凸,呈纤维状)的断裂。,宏观上由具有光泽的亮面组成)的断裂。2.2符号453材料,其力学性能和化学成分应分别符合下列现行国家标准的规定:《钢筋混凝土用钢第2部分:热轧带肋钢筋》GB1499.2;《钢筋混凝土用钢第1部分:热轧光圆钢筋》GB1499.1;《钢筋混凝土用余热处理钢筋》GB13014;《冷轧带肋钢筋》GB13788。6,一般可采用低碳钢和低合金钢,其力学性能和化学成分应符合现行国家标准《碳素结构钢》GB/T700或《低合金高强度结构钢》GB/T1591中的规定。,其型号应根据设计确定;若设计无规定时,可按表表,其纯度应大于或等于99.5%。乙炔的质量应符合现行国家标准《溶解乙炔》GB6819的规定,其纯度应大于或等于98.0%。液化石油气应符合现行国家标准《液化石油气》GB11174或《油气田液化石油气》GB9052.1的各项规定。二氧化碳应符合国家现行标准《焊接用二氧化碳》HG/T2537中优等品的规定。,可采用HJ431焊剂。;焊条、焊丝、氧气、乙炔、液化石油气、二氧化碳、焊剂应有产品合格证。7,应按现行国家标准中的规定,抽取试件作力学性能检验,其质量必须符合有关标准规定。;应采取防止锈蚀、受潮变质的措施。4钢筋焊接4.1一般规定,各种焊接方法的适用范围见表表89注:1.电阻点焊时,适用范围的钢筋直径指两根不同直径钢筋交叉叠接中较小钢筋的直径;2.电弧焊含焊条电弧焊和CO2气体保护电弧焊;3.在生产中,对于有较高要求的抗震结构用钢筋,在牌号后加E(例如:HRB400E,HRBF400E)可参照同级别钢筋施焊。4.生产中,如果有HPB235钢筋需要进行焊接时,可参考采用HPB300钢筋的焊接工艺参数。10,可采用与HRB335、HRB400、HRB500钢筋相同的或者近似的,并经试验确认的焊接工艺参数。;不得在竖向焊接后横置于梁、板等构件中作水平钢筋使用。,参与该项施焊的焊工应进行现场条件下的焊接工艺试验,并经试验合格后,方可正式生产。试验结果应符合质量检验与验收时的要求。,应清除钢筋、钢板焊接部位以及钢筋与电极接触处表面上的锈斑、油污、杂物等;钢筋端部当有弯折、扭曲时,应予以矫直或切除。,宜将纵肋对纵肋安放和焊接。,若受潮时,在使用前应经250~350℃烘焙2h。使用中回收的焊剂应清除熔渣和杂物,并应与新焊剂混合均匀后使用。,闪光对焊时其径差不得超过4mm,电渣压力焊或气压焊时,其径差不得超过7mm。焊接工艺参数可在大、小直径钢筋焊接工艺参数之间偏大选用,两根钢筋的轴线应在同一直线上。对接头强度的要求,应按较小直径钢筋计算。,其钢筋牌号应在表4.1.1的范围内,焊接工艺参数按较高牌号钢筋选用,对接头强度的要求按较低牌号钢筋强度计算。,应随时观察电源电压的波动情报况;当电源电压下降大于5%、小于8%时,应采取提高焊接变压器级数的措施;当大于或等于8%时,不得进行焊接。,焊接工艺应符合下列要求:1闪光对焊,宜采用预热闪光焊或闪光一预热闪光焊;可增加调伸长度,采用较低变压器级数,增加预热次数和间歇时间。2电弧焊时,宜增大焊接电流,减低焊接速度。电弧帮条焊或搭接焊时,第一层焊缝应从中间引弧,向两端施焊;以后各层控温施焊,层间温度控制在150~350℃之间。多层施焊时,可采用回火焊道施焊。,不宜进行各种焊接。;必须施焊时,应采取有效遮蔽措施。焊后