席勒-美育书简

Schiller席勒（1975-1805）LettersontheAestheticEducationofMan《美育书简》莫萍20100105792020/4/302FriedrichvonSchillerFriedrichvonSchiller(1759-1805),Germanpoet,dramatist,philosopher,andhistorian,whoisregardedasthegreatestdramatistinthehistoryoftheGermantheaterandoneofthegreatestinEuropean.FriedrichvonSchiller2020/4/303WorksFriedrichvonSchillerPlays•TheRobbers,1781•Fiesco,1783•IntrigueandLove,1784•DonCarlos,1787•Wallenstein,1800•MaryStuart,1800•TheMaidofOrleans,1801•TheBrideofMessina,1803•WilliamTell,18042020/4/304WorksFriedrichvonSchillerPoems•OdetoJoy•TheDiver•TheCranesofIbykus•Polycrates'Ring•TheHostage•SongoftheBell•TheGlovebecamethebasisforthefourthmovementofBeethoven'sninthsymphony2020/4/305WorksFriedrichvonSchillerProse•TheGhost-Seer(unfinishednovel)•OntheAestheticEducationofMan•DishonouredIrreclaimable2020/4/306WorksFriedrichvonSchillerHistories•TheRevoltoftheNetherlands•AHistoryoftheThirtyYears'War•OntheBarbarianInvasions,CrusadersandMiddleAges2020/4/307OntheAestheticEducationofManAtreatiseintheformofacollectionofletters;DealswithImmanuelKant(康德)'stranscendentalaestheticsandtheeventsoftheFrenchRevolution.2020/4/308OntheAestheticEducationofManAncientGreeksV.S.ModernMenChapter15:BeautyandAestheticEducationChapter12&13:Sense-Drive,Form-DriveChapter14:Play-DriveChapter6:2020/4/309LOGOWhatisthedifferencebetweenmodernmanandancientGreeks?2020/4/3010TheDifferenceBetweenModernMan&AncientGreeksThey(ancientGreeks)wereweddedtoallthedelightsofartandallthedignityofwisdom,withouthowever,likeus(modernmen),fallingapreytotheirseduction.(384,L6-8)AncientGreeksembodiedartandwisdomwithoutbeingseducedbythem.seducedbythemModernmen2020/4/3011TheDifferenceBetweenModernMan&AncientGreeksTheGreeksputusashamenotonlybyasimplicitytowhichourageisastranger.(384,L8)AncientGreekssimplicityunnaturalnessModernmen2020/4/3012TheDifferenceBetweenModernMan&AncientGreeksInfullnessofformnolessthanofcontent,atoncephilosophicandcreative,sensitiveandenergetic,theGreekscombinedthefirstyouthofimaginationwiththemanhoodofreasoninagloriousmanifestationofhumanity.(384,L13-16)AncientGreekscombinedimaginationwithreasoninthemanifestationofhumanity.2020/4/3013TheDifferenceBetweenModernMan&AncientGreeksButinmoderntimes,theimageofthehumanspeciesisprojectedinmagnifiedformintoseparateindividualsasfragments.(384)nolongerawholeperson;separateasfragments.Modernmen2020/4/3014TheDifferenceBetweenModernMan&AncientGreeksInshort,wefindthatindividualAthenianisa“whole”personinhisexcellences.Withsenseandintellectnotapart,hecombinedimaginationwithreasoninthemanifestationofhumanity.Inmoderntimes,individualsareseparateasfragments.Inmostcases,theywerenotmerelyindividuals,butwholeclassesofmen,developingbutonepartoftheirpotentialities.2020/4/3015ModernmenandancientGreeks,whichoneisbetter?TheDifferenceBetweenModernMan&AncientGreeks2020/4/3016Individualmoderncouldnotsallyforthandengage,managainstman,withanindividualAthenianfortheprizeofhumanity,althoughhumanracetodayisofadvantageswhenconsideredasawholeandweighedinthebalanceofintellect.(385,Para.2)TheDifferenceBetweenModernMan&AncientGreeks2020/4/3017Whatcausesthedifference?Whymodernmenareseparateasfragments?2020/4/301812ThenewspiritofgovernmentCivilizationandlearning2020/4/3019Theincreaseofempiricalknowledge,andthemoreexactmodesofthought,madesharperdivisionsbetweenthesciencesinevitable.Theincreasinglymachineryofstatenecessitatedamorerigorousseparationofranksandoccupations.Intheinnerunityofhumannature,aconflictmadeitsharmoniouspowersatvariance.Manischainedtoasinglelittlefragmentofthewhole,andhehimselfdevelopsintonothingbutafragment.CivilizationandlearningNewspiritofgovernment2020/4/3020Whataresense-drive,form-drive,andplay-drive?Whatistheirrelationshiptoeachother?2020/4/3021Sense-Drive,Form-Drive&Play-DriveForm-drive(theformaldrive),proceedsfromtheabsoluteexistenceofman,orfromhisrationalnature.Itsbusinessistogivehimthefreedomtobringharmonyintothediversityofhismanifestations,andtoaffirmhispersonamongallhischangesofcondition.Thisdrivedemandseverythingwhichisbindinguponittoalleternity.Itannulstimeandchange,insistsontruthandright.Sense-drive(thesensuousdrive),proceedsfromthephysicalexistenceofman,orhissensuousnature.Itsbusinessistosethimwithinthelimitsoftime,andturnhimintomatter.(matterischange,orrealitywhichoccupiestime.)Thisstate(timeoccupiedbycontent)iscalledsensation.Physicalexistencemakesitselfknowthroughthis.2020/4/3022Sense-Drive,Form-Drive&Play-DrivePlay-DriveSense-DriveForm-Drivetwoopposingforces;butnotopposedbynature.Form-DriveIfthetwofoldexperiencesimultaneously,manwouldhaveacompleteintuitionofhishumannature.Thesense-driveandtheform-drivecooperateinit.2020/4/3023Thesense-drivedemandsthatthereshallbechangeandthattimeshallhaveacontent;theform-drivedemandsthattimeshallbeannulledandthatthereshallbenochange.Thatdrive,therefore,inwhichboththeothersworkinconcert,theplay-drive,therefore,wouldbedirectedtowardsannulling取消,废除timewithintime,reconcilingbecomingwithabsolutebeingandchangewithidentity.(pp.405-406)Sense-Drive,Form-Drive&Play-DriveThe