危险危害因素辨识知识

HazardIdentification,RiskAssessmentandRiskControl危害因素辩识、风险评价和风险控制Hazard---sourceorsituationwithapotentialforharmintermsofinjuryorillhealth,damagetotheproperty,damagetotheworkplaceenvironment,oracombinationofthese.危害因素-可能造成人员伤害、职业相关病症、财产损失、作业环境破坏或其组合之根源或状态。ProcedureforHazardIdentification,RiskAssessmentandRiskControlPlanning危害因素辩识、风险评价和风险控制策划程序Scopeofactivitiesassociatedwithhazardidentification辨识的活动范围：Purchasing,storageandtransitofrawmaterialsandauxiliarymaterials.原辅材料采购，贮存和输送Purchasing,installation,operationandmaintenanceofequipment设备采购、安装、运行、维护和保养Productionprocess生产过程Storage,transportationanddistributionofproducts产品贮存、运输和分拨过程ProcedureforHazardIdentification,RiskAssessmentandRiskControlPlanning危害因素辩识、风险评价和风险控制策划程序Regularandirregularactivities常规和非常规的活动；Activitiesofallthepersonnelenteringworksite(includingcontractorsandvisitors)所有进入工作场所的人员（包括合同方人员和访问者）的活动；Alltheequipmentandfacilitiesonsite(includingtheonesfromcontractors)工作场所的设施（包括承包商的设施）。Otheractivitiessuchasadministration,generalaffairsandofficework,etc.办公、后勤等其他活动阶段ProcedureforHazardIdentification,RiskAssessmentandRiskControlPlanning危害因素辩识、风险评价和风险控制策划程序Typesofhazards危害因素的类型：A）Humanfactors—staffquality,misplay,breachofrules,etc.人的因素——如人员素质、失误、违章等B）Materialfactors—chemical,machinery,electric,etc.物的因素——化学品、机械、电气等C）Environmentfactors—highorlowtemperature,noise,light,etc.环境因素——高低温、噪音、光线等ProcedureforHazardIdentification,RiskAssessmentandRiskControlPlanning危害因素辩识、风险评价和风险控制策划程序Planningforriskcontrol风险控制策划Eachdepartmentshallestablishappropriatecontrolmeasuresaccordingtoitsowntechnologicalconditions,productionsituation,operationalandfinancialstatus.Whenneeded,Inquiryforhelpcanberaisedtoassociatedfunctionaldepartmentsforhelpandconsultation.各部门根据其自身技术条件，生产、经营、财务情况制定合适的控制措施，必要时，可要求华晨宝马业务职能部门的帮助和咨询ProcedureforHazardIdentification,RiskAssessmentandRiskControlPlanning危害因素辩识、风险评价和风险控制策划程序HealthandSafetyRiskControlcanbedividedintothefollowing5hierarchy.风险控制策划按控制效果的优先次序分为5个等级A)Eliminatethesourceofthehazard\substituteitwithalessriskymethod消除危险源/利用危险性小的方法替代B)Engineeringalterationstothehazard(automation,mechanicalsafetydevices,soundinstallationwalls,etc.)对该危险进行工程更改(自动化、通风、机械安全防护、隔音墙)ProcedureforHazardIdentification,RiskAssessmentandRiskControlPlanning危害因素辩识、风险评价和风险控制策划程序C)Warning警告D)Administrativecontrols(safetyrolesandresponsibilities,SOP,training,jobrotation,workpermit,supervisionandinspection,etc)管理的控制(安全生产责任制、安全操作规程、岗位作业指导书、培训、轮岗、工作许可证、监督、)E)PersonalProtectiveEquipment劳动保护用品Majorhazardsonproductionfloor生产现场存在的主要危害因素Welding:creepageduetodamagedinsulation,sparks,incorrectPPEuse…焊接作业：绝缘损坏漏电、焊接产生飞溅、未正确佩戴防护用品Carconveyingfacilities:spanoraccesstorunningequipment,walkbeneathsuspendedcars,touchbuttonswithoutpermit…车身输送设备设施：跨越、进入正在运行的设备、在悬挂车辆下穿越、未经授权触碰按钮..Lifting:walkbeneathload,unstableload,damagedchainsorbelts,safetydevicesmalfunction,touchunsafeareaofthebelt…起重作业：在吊物下穿行、吊物未挂稳、环链、吊带破损、安全装置失效、手扶在吊带危险部位…Forklift/towtruckdriving:over-speed,over-height,sharpturns,lackofattention,mixedtraffic…叉车、拖车行驶：超速、超高、急行猛拐、注意力不集中、人车不分流…Majorhazardsonproductionfloor生产现场存在的主要危害因素Paintstorageandmix:damagedpaintstoragecontainers,leakingpipesforpaint,contactwithopenfire,shortcircuit,accumulationofstaticdischarges,sparkscausedbymetalcontact,improperPPE.储漆调漆作业：储漆调漆容器破损、输漆管路泄漏、遇明火、电源线短路、静电集聚、金属撞击火花、护品不正确…Operationsinconfinedspace:unauthorizedentry,energynotlockedout,toxicgasesoverstandard,improperPPE,lackofattendants…限制空间作业：未经授权进入限制空间、能量未锁定、有害气体浓度超标、防护装备不全、无安全监护人…Productioncardriving:unauthorizeddriving,overtaking,lingeringontheaisles,chatting,horseplay…产品车行驶：未经授权驾驶产品车、与产品车抢行、在车间通道逗留、闲谈、打闹…Unpacking:NotusingPPE,improperexertion,unstablehold,poorhandlingpostures…开箱翻包装操作：未佩戴劳保用品、用力不当、物品拿置不稳、搬运姿势不正确…Majorhazardsonproductionfloor生产现场存在的主要危害因素Loading/unloadingwithforklifts:unstableload,lackofobservation,assesstoloading/unloadingareabymen…叉车装卸作业：叉件不稳、忽视了望、人员进入装卸区…Workenvironment:poorillumination,oilyfloor,icyroad,messystack…现场环境：照明不足、地面有油污、冰雪路面、物料堆放混乱…Useofchemicals:chemicalcontainersnotidentified,incorrectuseofPPEbyusers,roughhandlingofchemicalcontainers,splashesorleakageduetoimproperhandling…使用危险化学品：乘装化学品容器无标识、未正确佩戴护品使用化学品、抛掷滚动化学品容器、操作不当造成飞溅、泄漏…Electricequipment/circuits:damagedinsulation,shelledprotectivesleeves,over-loading,shortcircuit,useofequipmentunchecked,ruthlessoperations,unauthorizeddisassembly…电器设备、线路：绝缘破损、保护线脱落、过载、短路、使用前未检查、野蛮操作、私自拆卸…Painting:contactwithopenfire,shortcircuit,accumulationofstaticdischarges,improperPPE…喷漆作业：遇明火、电源线短路、静电集聚、护品不正确…Majorhazardsonproductionfloor生产现场存在的主要危害因素Loading/unloadingwithforklifts:unstableload,lackofobservation,assesstoloading/unloadingareabymen…叉车装卸作业：叉件不稳、忽视了望、人员进入装卸区…Workenvironment:poorillumination,oilyfloor,icyroad,messystack…现场环境：照明不足、地面有油污、冰雪路面、物料堆放混乱…Useofchemicals:chemicalcontainersnotidentified,incorrectuseofPPEbyusers,roughhandlingofchemicalcontainers,splashesorleakageduetoimproperhandling…使用危险化学品：乘装化学品容器无标识、未正确佩戴护品使用化学品、抛掷滚动化学品容器、操作不当造成飞溅、泄漏…Electricequipment/circuits:damagedinsulation,shelledprotectivesleeves,over-loading,shortcircuit,