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1、TheColonialPeriod（1607-1765）AmericanPuritanism(intheearly17thcenturythroughtheendofthe18th)北美第一位女诗人AnneBradstreet(宗教气息，夫妻恩爱)EdwardTaylor都受英国玄学派影响（metaphysical）2、TheEnlightenmentandRevolutionPeriodBenjaminFranklin:PoorRichard'sAlmanacTheAutobiography---“美国梦”的根源3、AmericanRomanticism（endof18thtothecivilwar）Americanwritersemphasisupontheimaginativeandemotionalqualitiesofliterature.早期浪漫主义WashingtonIrvingfatherofAmericanLiteratureTheSketchBook短篇小说JamesFenimoreCooper历史，冒险，边疆小说《TheLeather-stockingTales文明发展对大自然的摧残与破坏WilliamCullenBryant美国第一个浪漫主义诗人《ToaWaterfowlTheYellowViolet美国山水，讴歌大自然，歌颂美国生活现实EdgarAllanPoe---(48poems,70shortstories)Hegreatlyinfluencedthedevoteesof“Artforart’ssake.”Hewasfatherofpsychoanalyticcriticism,andthedetectivestory.RalphWaldoEmerson---ThechiefspokesmanofNewEnglandTranscendentalismAmericanTranscendentalism(alsoknownas“AmericanRenaissance”)ItisthehightideofAmericanromanticismTranscendentalistsspokefortheculturalrejuvenationandagainstthematerialismofAmericansociety.《Nature》---theBibleofTranscendentalismbyEmerson《Self-Reliance》表达他的超验主义观点HenryDavidThoreau------Waldenheregardednatureasasymbolofspirit.Thoreauwasverycriticalofmoderncivilization.小说家：Hawthorne-赞成超验HeisamasterofsymbolismTheScarletLetter《红字》Melville怀疑，悲观，sailingexperiencesMobyDick百科全书式性质/海洋作品/动物史诗诗人Longfellow《IShotanArrow...》《APsalmofLife》第一首被完整地介绍到中国的美国诗歌Whitman（FreeVerse---withoutafixedbeatorregularrhymescheme）《LeavesofGrass》《One'sSelfISing》《OCaptain!MyCaptain!》songDickinsoninnerlifeoftheindividual---diedforbeauty4、TheAgeofRealismJamesupperreachesofAmericansociety.一位女士的肖像》innerworldofmanHowells,concernedhimselfchieflywithmiddleclasslife.TheRiseofSilasLapmanTwainthelowerstrataofsociety.humorandlocalcolorismLifeontheMississippiTheAdventuresofTomSawyerTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnAmericanNaturalism自然主义（新型现实）StephenCrane；《Maggie:AGirloftheStreets》《TheRedBadgeofCourage》pessimisticTheodoreDreiser；SisterCarrie；JennieGerhardt；AnAmericanTragedy(TrilogyofDesire)O.Henry(WilliamSydneyPorter)：TheGiftoftheMagi；TheCopandtheanthemJackLondon：TheCalloftheWild；MartinEden5、TheModernPeriodThe1920s-1930s(thesecondrenaissanceofAmericanliterature)TheRoaringTwenties，TheJazzAge，“lost”(GertrudeStein)and“wasteland”(T.S.Eliot)现代主义小说家F.ScottFitzgerald：《TheGreatGatsby》被视为美国文学“爵士时代”的象征，以美国梦AmericanDream为主线。Hemingway迷惘一代IcebergPrinciple(Theory):Thedignityofmovementoftheicebergisduetoonlyone-eighthofitbeingabovewater.《TheSunAlsoRises1926》《TheOldManandtheSea》WilliamFaulkner：YoknapatawphaCountry---以故乡为原型虚构南方贵族家庭的没落TheSoundandtheFury取自莎士比亚的《麦克白》Anderson：《Winesburg,Ohio》，又称“小镇畸人”现代主义诗人：Twocharacteristicstrains：introspection自省&socialcriticismImagism意象派Pound：《InaStationoftheMetro》《Cantos》Stevens：《AnecdoteoftheJar》〈TheManwiththeBlueGuitarWilliams:TheRedWheelbarrowT.S.Eliot::TheWasteLand浪漫派：Frost：《TheRoadNotTaken》《StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening》Hughes：---PoetLaureateofHarlem，HarlemRenaissance开创黑人文学Dreams《梦想》BorderLine《分界线》6、当代，后现代时期ThePost-WarPeriod（TheBeatGeneration，BlackHumor，寻找自我）Ellison（黑人）：InvisibleMan《看不见的人》---“寻找自我”主题的代表作AllenGinsberg（Jewish）：《Howl》—跨掉的一代代表作Heller：Catch-22《第二十二条军规》---黑色幽默代表作J．D．Salinger（Jewish）:《CatcherintheRyeBellow（Jewish）:Mosby’sMemoriesandOtherStories