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1AnIntroductionppt-SaurabhMehtaRenewableEnergyTechnologiesinPowerGeneration2IntroductionWindEnergySolarEnergyContents3IntroductionWindEnergySolarEnergyContents4IntroductionRenewableEnergy–“anysustainableenergysourcethatcomesfromnaturalenvironment.”SomeAspectsofRenewableEnergyItexistsperpetuallyandinabundantintheenvironmentReadytobeharnessed,inexhaustibleItisacleanalternativetofossilfuels“energythatisderivedfromnaturalprocessthatarereplenishedconstantly”--definedbytheRENEWABLEENERGYWORKINGPARTYoftheINTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCY5IntroductionContributionofRenewableEnergyinWorldElectricityProduction6IntroductionMajorRenewableEnergySourcesHydroEnergyWindEnergySolarEnergyBiomassEnergyTidalEnergyGeothermalEnergyWaveEnergyBio-fuelBagasse7PresentInstalledCapacityofRenewableEnergySourcesinIndiaRenewableEnergySourcePresentInstalledCapacityWind10200MWSmallHydro2100MWBagasse750MWBiomass620MWSolar2MWTotalREInstalledCapacity–13672MWSource:MinistryofNew&RenewableEnergySources(MNRE)8IntroductionSolarPanelsWindTurbineGenerators9IntroductionWindEnergySolarEnergyContents10WindEnergy-TechnologyDifferentialheatingoftheearth’ssurfaceandatmosphereinducesverticalandhorizontalaircurrentsthatareaffectedbytheearth’srotationandcontoursofthelandandgeneratesWIND.Awindturbineobtainsitspowerinputbyconvertingtheforceofthewindintoatorque(turningforce)actingontherotorblades.Theamountofenergywhichthewindtransferstotherotordependsonthedensityoftheair,therotorarea,andthewindspeed.PLFofWindFarmisnormallyintherangeof20%to30%dependinguponthesiteconditionsandWTGrating.PPowerρAirDensity(kg/m3)ABladeArea-turbine(m2)VWindvelocity(m/s)P=0.5XρXAXV311MajorComponentsofWindTurbineWindEnergy-Technology12WindEnergy–PresentScenarioWindPower–FastestgrowingrenewableenergysourceGlobally,itgrewattheaveragerateof27%paoverthepast10years.WhileinIndiaitgrewattheaveragerateof33%overthepast9years.Presently,Indiaisranked4thintheworldintermsofWindEnergyInstalledCapacityDriversofgrowthEnvironmentalAwarenessandSustainableDevelopmentGrowingGlobalEnergyDemandImprovingCompetitivenessofrenewableenergySecurityofSupplyConcernsNewMarkets(e.g.India,Chinaetc)CarbonTradingFiscalBenefitsbyGovt.(PTC,feedintariffs,etc)13IntroductionWindEnergySolarEnergyContents14SolarEnergy-TechnologySolarpowerisbyfartheEarth'smostavailableenergysource,easilycapableofprovidingmanytimesthetotalcurrentenergydemand.Solarpoweristheconversionofsunlightintoelectricity.Twomaincommercialwaysofconversionofsunlightintoelectricity.ConcentratingSolarThermalPlant(CSP)PhotovoltaicPlants(PV)CSPandPVbothhavetheirmarkets.PVisverysuccessfulindecentralizedapplications,whereasCSPoffersadvantagesforcentralandlarge-scaleapplications.CSPpowerplantsarethemostcost-efficientwaytogenerateandtostoredispatchableCO2-freeelectricity.However,thereisnocompetitionbetweenboth.Rather,theyhavetobeseenascomplementarytechnologies.PLFofCSP–Intherangeof20%to30%PLFofPV–Intherangeof15%to20%15SolarEnergy-TechnologyConcentratingSolarThermalPlant(CSP)Itcontains;CollectorFieldTurbineGeneratorCoolingTowerTransformerCourtesy:ESPSolar16SolarPhotovoltaicPlants(PV)Itcontains;SolarArraysInverterTransformerSolarEnergy-Technology17SolarEnergy-TechnologyInbothCSPandPVtechnologies,solarresourcesplaysmajorrole.Mapsareavailabletocalculatesolarresourceofaparticularregion.However,forbothCSPandPVtechnologiesdifferentsolarradiationsaretakenintoaccount.Basicallytwotypesofsolarradiationsarethere;GlobalHorizontalirradiations(GHI)DirectNormalIrradiation(DNI)ForPVtechnologiesGHIisconsidered.GHIconsistsofdiffuseradiationsanddirecthorizontalradiations(beam).MinimumGHI–1000kwh/m2paForCSP,DNIisconsidered.DNIistheamountofradiationreceivedbyasurfacewhichispermanentlyalignedperpendiculartotheincomingbeam.MinimumDNI–1900kwh/m2pa18AtypicalDNIirradiationMapforIndiawhichisusedtofindafeasiblesiteforCSPPlant.AtypicalGHIirradiationMapforIndiawhichisusedtofindafeasiblesiteforPVPlant.SolarEnergy-Technology19SolarEnergy–CurrentScenarioThetotalinstalledcapacityofsolarpower(BothCSPandPV)asof2008is2826MW.InIndiathetotalinstalledcapacityofsolarpowerisaround2MW.InIndia,variousgovernmentandprivateplayershaveenteredintoCSPandPVmarkets.MNREhassetatargettoestablishatleast50MWofsolarprojectsduringthe11thplan.20