一、从高考题谈复合句的反意疑问句请看下面的高考题:1.IfIknewtheanswer,Iwouldn’tbeasking,____?(上海96年)A.didn’tIB.didIC.wouldID.wouldn’tI2.Idon’tsupposeanyonewillvolunteer____?(上海2001年)A.doIB.willtheyC.don’tID.won’tthey3.Braintoldyouthattherewasn’tanyoneintheroomatthistime,____?(上海2002年)A.wasthereB.wasn’tthereC.didn’theD.didhe所给答案分别是C,B和C。反意疑问句在以往的高考题中多次出现,是高考常考的语法项目之一。下面就含复合句的反意疑问句的情况分析如下:一、如果陈述部分是主从复合句,一般情况下,疑问部分与主句一致。例如:1.Ifyouhadcomeyesterday,youmighthaveseenhim,mightn’tyou?2.Ifyouneedhelp,letmeknow,willyou?3.Whentheteacherspeaks,wehavetokeepquiet,don’twe?4.Henevertolduswhyhewaslate,didhe?但在有的主从复合句中,如果主语是第一人称,且谓语是一般现在时,疑问部分则与从句保持一致才使整个句子协调,这主要由句子的重心决定。例如:1.Iwanttodonothing,becausethereislittlepointindoinganythingaboutit,isthere?2.I’mtoldtheywillcometojoinus,won’tthey?3.Iknowyoudidn’twanttohurtme,didyou?4.I’msurethattheteacher’stoldyouaboutme,hasn’the?二、在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中,附加问句一般与主句一致。例如:1.ShesaysIdidit,doesn’tshe?2.Shetoldmethatshehadfinishedthetask,didn’tshe?但是若主句谓语为suppose,think,believe,guess,imagine,expect等,主语是第一人称,这时,疑问部分与从句保持一致,并注意否定转移。例如:1.Idon’tthinkhewillgetthereontime,willhe?2.Iexpectyouwillhaveagoodtimethere,won’tyou?3.Isupposeheisserious,isn’the?但如果主语是第二、三人称,则疑问部分与主句一致,且不存在否定转移。例如:1.Youdon’tthinkwecanspeakEnglish,doyou?2.Hethinkshe’sgottherightanswer,doesn’the?三、陈述部分是由and,or,for,but等引起的并列结构,则疑问部分与第二个句子一致。例如:1.Wemuststudyhard,orweshallfail,shan’twe?2.Hestudieshardandheisthbestoneinhisclass,isn’the?3.Hetriedhard,buthewasn’tsuccessful,washe?4.Johnisn’tadiligentstudent,forthisisthethirdtimethathehasbeenlate,isn’tit?四、如果陈述部分含有主语从句,则疑问部分用“it”。例如:1.Thathehaslosthiswatchisnottrue,isit?2.ItisthethirdtimethatJohnhasbeenlate,isn’tit?五、在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,附加问句应根据主句的谓语而定。例如:1.Heisnotthemanwhogaveusatalk,ishe?2.Heknowstheplayerwhohaswonfourgoldmedals,doesn’the?二、附加疑问句特例集锦1.当陈述部分的主语是I,而句子又用来征询对方的意见时,附加疑问句中的主语用you。如:IfindEnglishveryinteresting,don’tyou?Idon’tlikethatfilm,doyou?2.当陈述部分的主语是everybody,everyone,someone,nobody,noone,somebody等合成代词时,附加疑问句中的主语通常用they。但亦可用he,尤其是nobody,noone等作主语,具有否定概念时。如:SomebodyphonedwhileIwasout,didn’tthey?Everyoneenjoyedtheparty,didn’tthey?Nobodywantstogothere,doeshe?3.当陈述部分的主语是不定代词everything,nothing,anything,something时,附加疑问句中的主语一般用it,不用they。如:Everythingseemsallrightnow,doesn’tit?Nothingiskeptingoodorder,isit?Somethingmustbedonetostoppollution,isn’tit?4.当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this,that或these,those时,附加疑问句中的主语分别用it和they。如:Thisisimportant,isn’tit?Thatisn’tcorrect,isit?TheseareyourfriendsTomandJack,aren’tthey?5.如果陈述部分是以代词one作主语,附加疑问句中的主语在正式场合用one,非正式场合用you,在美国英语中,在非正式场合还可以用he。如:Onecan’tbetoocareful,canone?或canyou?Oneshoulddohisduty,shouldn’the?6.如果陈述部分用I’m…结构,附加疑问部分一般用aren’tI。如:Iamstrongandhealthyaren’tI。7.当陈述句为therebe结构时,附加疑问句中的主语也用there。如:There’snohelpforit,isthere?There’ssomethingwrong,isn’tthere?8.陈述部分带有seldom,hardly,never,rarely,few,little,nowhere,nothing等否定词或半否定词时,附加疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如:Bobrarelygotdrunk,didhe?Fewpeopleknowhim,dothey?Sheseldomgoestothecinema,doesshe?如果陈述部分的否定词带有否定前缀,那么,该陈述部分作肯定处理,附加疑问部分一般仍用否定形式。如:Hewasunsuccessful,wasn’the?Tomdislikesthebook,doesn’the?9.当陈述部分为主从复合句时,附加疑问部分一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。如:ShesaysthatIdidit,doesn’tshe?Itoldthemnoteverybodycoulddoit,didn’tI?但当陈述部分的主语是I,谓语是think,believe,suppose,expect这类动词时,附加疑问部分则往往与从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系,但要注意否定的转移。Isupposethathe’sseriousisn’the?Idon’tthinkshecares,doesshe?10.当陈述部分是并列句,附加疑问句则需和就近的分句的主语和谓语一致。如:XiaoLinhasbeenwritinglettersallafternoonbutheshouldfinishthemnow,shouldn’the?11.在由“祈使句+附加疑问”构成的附加疑问句中,附加疑问部分一般用willyou,won’tyou,wouldyou,有时也可用canyou,can’tyou,whydon’tyou,couldyou等。如:Don’topenthedoor,willyou?Givemesomecigarettes,canyou?Takearest,whydon’tyou?但是,以let’s开头的祈使句,附加疑问部分用shallwe;以letus开头的祈使句,如果含义是allowus,不包括听话人在内,疑问部分用willyou。如:Let’shaveabasketballmatchthisafternoon,shallwe?Letusgooutforarest,willyou?12.当陈述部分带有情态动词must表示“必须”时,疑问部分用mustn’t。如:Youmustworkhardnextterm,mustn’tyou?Imustanswertheletter,mustn’tI?但若表推测这层含义时,不能用must,而要根据陈述部分的不定式结构(即must之后的动词)以及含义采用相应的动词形式。如:Youmusthavemadeamistake,haven’tyou?Theymusthaveseenthefilmlastweek,didn’tthey?Hemustbeinthelibrary,isn’the?13.当陈述部分含有情态动词usedto时,疑问部分可用usedn’t或didn’t。如:Theoldmanusedtosmoke,didn’the?或usedn’the?Tomusedtolivehere,usedn’the?或didn’the?14oughtto时,疑问部分用oughtn’t或shouldn’t。如:Heoughttoknowtheanswer,oughtn’the?Weoughttoreadthisbook,oughtn’twe?或shouldn’twe?15.当陈述部分含有hadbetter时,疑问部分用had。如:You’dbetterfinishyourhomeworknow,hadn’tyou?16.感叹句后的附加疑问句的谓语动词需用be的现在时,且常用否定形式。如:Whatacleverboy,isn’the?Whatalovelyday,isn’tit?17.陈述句子中的主语为动词不定式短语、动名词短语或其他短语时,疑问部分的主语通常用it。如:Learninghowtorepairmotorstakesalongtime,doesn’tit?Betweensixandsevenwillsuityou,won’tit?Wheretoholdthemeetinghasnotbeendecided,hasit?18.在口语和非正式文体中,为了加强语气,只是表示某种惊奇、怀疑、反感、讽刺等感情而并不是为了寻求回答,这时前后两部分的肯定、否定是一致的。如:Oh,heisawriter,ishe?You’llnotgo,won’tyou?19.陈述句中的谓语动词是wish,表示愿望时用may,且用肯定形式。如:IwishtohaveachancetolearnEnglish,mayI?20.当陈述部分带有表示“所有”含义的动词have(has)时,疑问部分既可用have形式,也可用do形式。如:Youhaveanewbike,haven’tyou(或don’tyou)?Shedoesn’thaveanymoneyinherpocket,doesshe?巩固练习:1.Idon’tthinkthatthenecklaceismadeofdiamond,________?A.doIB.doyouC.isn’titD.isit2.Hiswifehadthecarpetsandthecurtain