搜索
AttributiveClause在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词、代词或整个主句。被定语修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。•who指人：在定语从句中作主语或宾语。•whom指人：在定语从句中作宾语。•whose可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。•that可指人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语.•which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语.•which引导的非限制性定语从句可修饰整个主句。•as可指物,在从句中作主语或宾语.也可引导非限制性定语从句,修饰整个主句。关系代词:典型错误Thankyoufortherecordthatyougaveittome.(×)Thankyoufortherecordthatyougaveme.(√)无论是关系代词还是关系副词，都在定语从句中取代了先行词，因此，先行词在定语从句中不复出现。限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系密切（删去后影响整个句子意义的表达）和先行词关系不密切（是一种补充说明，删掉后不影响整个意思的表达。）不用逗号分开一般使用逗号分开可用关系代词that引导不可以用关系代词that引导可以省略（that,who,which在从句中担当宾语时可以省略）不可以省略可以替代（whom作宾语时，可用who或that替代）不能替代只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分修饰整个文句或文句的一部分，此时定语从句前有逗号分开，只能由which或as引导两种定语从句在意义上的区别Intheirclassesthereare15studentswhocanspeakEnglishwell.Intheirclassesthereare15students,whocanspeakEnglishwell.ShehastwosonswhoareP.L.A.men.Shehastwosons,whoareP.L.A.men.不止１５个学生只有１５个学生不止两个，其余的可能不当兵只有两个，都是解放军１．先行词是one,anyone,those,he时宜用who.Anyonewhobreaksthelawshallbepunished.Thosewhoareagainsttheplanputupyourhandsplease.２．在非限制性定语从句中Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.（一）．只用who的情况３．当先行词与定语从句被其他词所分隔时ImetaforeignerinthestreetyesterdaywhocouldaskmequestionsinChinese.４．在therebe开头的句子中Thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.５．一句中有两个定语从句，前一个定语从句的关系词是that，另一个只用who．Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.（二）只用that的情况１．当先行词是everything,anything,nothing,all,none,few,little，或当先行词被every,any,some,no,little,few,much等词修饰时．Isthereanyquestionthattroublesyoumuch?２．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级,theonly,thevery,thelast等词修饰时．Isthisthefirsttimethatyouhavecometoourcity?Limingistheonlyonethatgotfullmarksinourclass.３．当先行词是由人和物构成的名词词组时．Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?４．主句是以who,which开头的疑问句或先行词是疑问代词who时:Whichisthedictionarythatheusedyesterday?5.当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.6．注意：that只能用在限制性定语从句中，非限制性定语从句中永远不用that，介词后也不能跟that．（三）whose的使用•whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词．•Therearesomepeoplewhosefacesyoucanneverforget.•Isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblackbecauseofthepollutedair.thefacesofwhomtheleavesofwhich（四）只用which的情况１．非限制性定语从句中只用which，不用that．Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isaverybeautifulcity.２．关系代词紧跟在介词或介词短语之后，只能用which或whom，不能用that．Thisisthehotelinwhichyouwillstay.Thisisthehotelwhich/thatyouwillstayin.Tips1.关系代词在从句中作宾语时,关系代词可省略.eg.Thisisthehouse____________Ivisited.2.what不能引导定语从句;且what=allthatIwilldoallthatIcantohelpyou.=IwilldowhatIcantohelpyou.which/that/不用3.oneof+pl.n.+关系代词+动词复数the(only)oneof+pl.n.+关系代词+单数动词TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld-famousbuildings_________(draw)lotsofvisitors.Titanicistheonlyoneofthemostwonderfulmovies___________(havebe)producedinHollywood.thatdrawthathasbeenExercise11.Icanstillrememberthesittingroomin_____mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.2.Achild_____parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.3.Finallythethiefhandedeverything____hehadstolentothepolice.4.Wevisitedafactory__________makestoysforchildren.5.Theman__________youjusttalkedtowasafriendofmine.whichwhosethatthat/whichwho(m)/that作…的宾语•6.Pleasepassmethedictionary_____coverisblack.•7.Mr.Whiteisoneoftheforeignexperts_________areworkinginChina.•8.Isthisthemuseum__________youvisitedtheotherday?•9.Thisistheworkerwith____myfatherworked.•10.Togetthejobstarted,all____Ineedisyourpermission.whosewho/thatthat/whichwhomthatExercise11.Isthisthefactory___youhavebeentolastyear?A.whichB.inwhichC.whereD.theone2.Isthisfactory___youhavebeentolastyear?A.whichB.inwhichC.whereD.theone3.IsMr.Smiththeperson__youknowthis?A.thatB.whomC.fromwhomD.bywhom4.Iattendedthemeetingtheimportance__Ididnotrealizeatthattime.A.whoB.ofwhichC.whichD.itsADCB5.What’sthat___flashedintheskyjustnow?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.as6.Thisbookis____I’mlookingfor.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.one7.Thisisthemostinterestingone___Ihaveeverread.A.whichB.thatC.ofwhichD.inthat8.Alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose___intheforest.A.oncetheygrewB.theygrewonceC.thatoncegrewD.oncegrewABBC关系副词的用法关系副词先行词功能使用范围when(=during/in/onwhich)表示时间的名词作时间状语限制性和非限制性定语从句where(=in/atwhich)表示地点的名词作地点状语限制性和非限制性定语从句why(=forwhich)reason作原因状语限制性定语从句that/which和whenDoyourememberthedayswhenwefirstspenttogether?()Doyourememberthedayswhich/thatwefirstspenttogether?()×√析：先行词是表示时间的名词，定语从句的引导词是用关系代词”that/which”还是关系副词”when”，取决于该先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语还是时间状语。在这句中先行词theday在定语从句中作spent的宾语，因此要用that/whichthat/which与whereI’llneverforgettheschoolwherewevisitedlastSunday.()I’llneverforgettheschool(that/which)wevisitedlastSunday.()×√析：先行词是表示地点的名词，定语从句的引导词是用关系代词”that/which”还是关系副词”where”，取决于该先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语还是地点状语。在这句中先行词theschool在定语从句中作visited的宾语，因此要用that/which.that/which与whyTellmethereason____youarelate.Isthisthereason_____hetoldyou?whythat先行词是reason时，定语从句的引导词是关系代词that／which还是关系副词why，取决于该先行词在从句中的成分。句１中reason在从句中作原因状语，句２中reason在从句中作tell的宾语。“介词+关系代词”１．介词的选择：一般介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配．ThepersontowhomIspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.２．含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面．因此不能使用“介词+关系代词”结构．如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof.Isthisthewatchwhichhewaslookingfor?Isthisthewatchforwhichhewaslooking?(×)Exercises21.Doyoustillremembertheday__wefirstcametoTibet?A.which