英语语法 教案

教案课程名称英语语法Lecture1SentenceStructure教学重点及难点：1.Theclassificationofboundmorphemeandthefrequentlyappliedboundmorphemes;2.Thebasicclausetypesandtheirtransformationandexpansion教学基本内容1.BasicConceptsofmorphemes,words,phrases,clauses,andsentences;2.Waysofword-formation:affixation,derivationandcomposition;3.Waysofsentenceanalysis:onewaysistodividethepredicateintopredicateverb,object,complementandadverbial.Theotherwayistodividethepredicateintotwoparts:theoperatorandthepredication.4.BasicclausetypesincludeSVC,SV,SVA,SVO,SVOA,SVOC,andSvoO.Anaffirmativeclausecanbetransformedintoanegative;astatementintoaquestion,andaactiveclauseintoapassive.Alltheseaddvarietiestothebasicclausetypes.Lecture1SentencestructureOwingtothefactthatsentencesinauthenticlanguagedifferstructurallyinthousandsofways,whatisdescribedhereassentencestructure,sentenceelements,orsentencepatternsisonlyconcernedwiththesimplesentence,orratherwiththeclause.1.1clauseelementsAshasbeenpointedoutbefore,theclauseorthesimplesentenceisstructurallyasequenceofphrasesandlogicallyaconstructionof“subject+predicate”.Thatistosay,theclauseorthesimplesentenceisnotjustanagglomerationofphrases;itisagroupofphrasesorganizedintoaconstructionof“subject+predicate”.1)SubjectandpredicateAfull-fledgedclausecangenerallybedividedintotwoparts:thesubjectandthepredicate.Thesubjectisthetopicorthemeofthesentence,whichtellofwhatthesentenceisabout.Thepredicatesayssomethingaboutthesubjectandbearthenewinformationwhichthespeakerorwriterwantstotransmittothelistenerorreader.Thesubjectisgenerallyrealizedbyanounphraseoranequivalentofnounphrase,whiletheconstructionofthepredicate,whichismorecomplicated,generallyconsistsofaverbphrasewithorwithoutcomplementation.2)TwowaysofsentenceanalysisTofacilitatedescriptionofhowEnglishlanguageworks,sentencescanbeanalyzedintwoways.Onewayistodividethepredicateintopredicateverb,object,complementandadverbial.Theseelementstogetherwiththesubjectmakethefiveclauseelements.Theotherwaysofsentenceanalysisistodividethepredicateintotwoparts:theoperatorandthepredication.Theoperatorisusuallytheauxiliaryorthefirstauxiliaryinacomplexverbphrase,whilethepredicationcomprisesthemainverbwithitscomplementation(object,complementoradverbial).1.2basicclausetypesandtheirtransformationandexpansionIntermsofthedifferentcombinationsofclauseelements,Englishclausescanbeclassifiedintosevenbasictypes.Innumerableauthenticsentencesarestructuredonthebasisoftheseclausetypes.1)BasicclausetypesThesevenbasicclausetypesareSVC,SV,SVA,SVO,SVOA,SVOC,andSVoO.Thesesevencombinationsofclauseelementsarewhollyorlargelydeterminedbythemainverbintheclause.ThemainverbinanSVCpatternisalinkingorcopulaverbwhichmustbefollowedbyasubjectcomplement.ThemainverbinanSVpatternisanintransitiveverbwhichisnottobefollowedbyanyobligatoryelementexceptforalimitednumberofintransitiveverbswhichrequireanobligatoryadverbial,thusconstitutingthepatternSVA.ThemainverbinanSVOpatternusamonotranstitivewhichmustbefollowedbyanobject,andwithsomemonotransitivestheobjectmustagainbefollowedbyanobligatoryadverbial,thusconstitutingthepatternSVOA.ThemainverbinanSVOCpatternisacomplextransitiveverbwhichmustbefollowedbyanobject+objectcomplement.ThemainverbinanSVoOpatternisaditransitiveverbwhichistoefollowedbytwoobjects:indirectanddirectobject.2)TransformationandexpansionofbasicclausetypesThebasicclausetypesareallaffirmativestatementswithverbsintheactivevoice.Anaffirmativeclausecanbetransformedintoanegative;sstatementintoaquestion;andanactiveclauseintoapassive.Alltheseaddvarietiestothebasicclausetypes.Thebasicclausetypesandtheirvariantscanalsobeexpandedintolargergrammaticalunitsthroughaddingmodifiersatvariouslevels,andtheselargerunitscanagainbeexpandedthroughcoordinationandsubordinationintocompound,complexandcompound-complexsentences.Lectures2&3Subject-verbConcord教学重点及难点：1.Theapplianceofgrammatical,notionalandproximityconcordsinsomespecialconditions;2.Problemsofsubject-verbconcord.教学基本内容1.Theconceptsofthreeprinciplesguidingsubject-verbconcord:grammaticalconcord,notionalconcordandproximityconcord.2.Problemsofconcordwithacoordinatesubject:concordwith“and”or“both…and”,concordwith“or”/“either…or”,“nor”/“neither…nor”,“notonly…butalso”;3.Problemsofconcordwithexpressionsofqualityassubject:concordwithexpressionofdefinitequalityassubject,concordwithexpressionofindefinitequalityassubject;4.Otherproblemsofsubject-verbconcord:problemsofconcordwithanominalclauseassubject,subject-verbconcordwithanon-finiteclauseorsubject,subject-verbconcordinrelativeclauses,cleft-sentences,andexistentialsentences.Lecture2Subject-verbConcord(I)2.1Guidingprinciples1)Grammaticalconcord2)Notionalconcord3)Proximity2.2Problemsofconcordwithnounsendingin-sDiseaseandgamenamesendingin–sTheyaremostlytreatedassingulars.Afewsuchnamescanbeusedeitherassingularorasplural.Subjectnamesendingin–icsSuchnamesaregenerallysingularnouns,butsomesuchnounsaretreatedaspluralwhenusedinothersensesthansubjectnames.Geographicalnamesendingin–sPluralexceptforafewtreatedassingularwhenusedascountrynames.4)Othernounsendingin–sDis