定语从句

定语从句(RelativeClauses)定语从句是由关系代词(who,whom,whose,which,that)或关系副词(when,where,why)所引导的相当于形容词功能的从句。定语从句本身必須具备主语和动词，有时关系代词也同时兼主语的角色。定语从句的三种形式定语从句：关系代词+主语+动词Janehasateacherwhomsherespects.定语从句“whomsherespects”：主语she，动词respects，关系whom。定语从句具有形容词功能，它用来修饰先行词ateacher。Ilikethewatchthatmyfathergaveme.定语从句“thatmyfathergaveme”：主语myfather，动词gave，关系代词that。定语从句具有形容词功能，它用来修饰先行词thewatch。定语从句：关系副词+主语+动词Irememberthedaywhenwefirstmet.定语从句“whenwefirstmet”：主语we，动词met，关系副词when(副词first）。定语从句具有形容词功能，它用來修饰先行词theday。ThatwasanotherreasonwhyIthoughtthiscouldendreallybad.定语从句“whyIthoughtthiscouldendreallybad”：主语I，动词thought，关系副词why。定语从句具有形容词功能，它用來修饰先行词anotherreason。定语从句：关系代词+动词IhaveanauntwhoteachesEnglishatmyschool.定语从句“whoteachesEnglishatmyschool”：主词who，动词teaches，关系代词who。定语从句具有形容词功能，它用來修饰先行词anaunt。Hehasadogwhichbarksloudlyatnight.他有一只狗晚上吠叫很大声。定语从句“whichbarksloudlyatnightl”：主词which，动词barks，关系代词which。定语从句具有形容词功能，它用來修饰先行词adog。限定性(restrictive)和非限定性(non-restrictive)定语从句。定语从句有限定性(restrictive)和非限定性(non-restrictive)两种用法。限定性定语从句用來限定或修饰先行词，前面通常不加逗号(,)。who,whom,whose,which,that均可用于限定性的定语从句。限定性定语从句含有句子的重要信息，拿掉限定性定语从句，句子的意思会有重大的改变。Ilikethepaintings.我喜欢那些油画。哪些油画？我们无法清晰地表达。Ilikethepaintingsthathanginourlivingroom.我喜欢那些挂在我们客厅里的油画。利用定语从句来限定或修饰paintings，它给了我们重要的信息来描述那些油画。非限定性定语从句用来补充或附加说明先行词，前面通常有逗号(,)。拿掉非限定性定语从句，句子的意思不会有重大的改变。非限定性的关系代词不能省略。关系代词that不能用于非限定性的定语从句。Teresa,whoisgoodatEnglish,isthinkingaboutstartingacramschool.Teresa，她英文好，正在考虑创办补习班。非限定性定语从句“whoisgoodatEnglish”前面要有逗号(,)，关系代词who不能省略。Thearticle,whichappearedtodayinChinaDaily,isveryinteresting.这篇文章，出现在今天的中国日报，是很有趣的。非限定性定语从句“whichappearedtodayinTaipeiTimes”用来补充或附加说明先行词article，关系代词which不能省略。他的女友，是个出色的厨师，想开一家餐馆。Hisgirlfriend,thatisanexcellentcook,isthinkingaboutopeningarestaurant.Hisgirlfriend,whoisanexcellentcook,isthinkingaboutopeningarestaurant.关系代词that不能用于非限定性的定语从句。非限定性定语从句使用ofwhom，ofwhose或ofwhich......,allbotheachmanymostnonesome+of+whomwhosewhich比较下面的一些句子：Andyhastwosisters.Bothofthemareteachers.Andyhastwosisters,bothofwhomareteachers.Andy有两个姐姐。两人都是教师。第一个句子是由两个单句所组成；第二个句子则是带有关系代词whom的复合句。注意：第一个句子Both前面是个句号(.)，而第二个句子both前面是个逗号(,)。Mike有两个哥哥，他们两人都为政府工作。Mikehastwobrothers,bothofthemworkforthegovernment.Mikehastwobrothers,bothofwhomworkforthegovernment.两个单句不能用逗号隔开，关系代词whom在此扮演着代词和连词两种角色。Therearemanystudentsinthisclassroom.SomeoftheirmothersarefromSoutheastAsia.Therearemanystudentsinthisclassroom,someofwhosemothersarefromSoutheastAsia.这个教室里有很多学生，有些学生的母亲是来自东南亚。第一个句子是由两个单句所组成；第二个句子则是带有关系代词whose的复合句。Ireadthreebookslastweek.Noneofthemwereenjoyable.Ireadthreebookslastweek,noneofwhichwereenjoyable.上周我读了三本书，沒有一本是让人喜欢的。第一个句子是由两个单句所组成；第二个句子则是带有关系代词which的复合句。书表事物不是人，故用which，不用whom。这个球队，许多球员来自北京，今年夺得冠军。Theteam,manyoftheirplayerscomefromBeijing,wonthechampionshipthisyear.Theteam,manyofwhoseplayerscomefromsouthernTaiwan,wonthechampionshipthisyear.关系代词whose代替先行词Theteam，并引导定语从句与主句“Theteamwonthechampionshipthisyear”连结。Beijing’spursuitofsovereigntyovertheislandsoftheSouthChinaSea,mostofthemarealsoclaimedbyothercountries,hasflungChina’sneighborsintothearmsoftheUnitedStates.Beijing’spursuitofsovereigntyovertheislandsoftheSouthChinaSea,mostofwhicharealsoclaimedbyothercountries,hasflungChina’sneighborsintothearmsoftheUnitedStates.关系代词which代替先行词theislands。•考点四十八关系词的选择•【真题再现】•1．Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,________isnamedafterhisgrandfather.•A.whichB.where•C.whatD.that•答案与解析：A定语从句在逗号之后，可判断为非限制性定语从句。先行词avillageschool在定语从句中作主语，因此用关系代词which，故选A项。•2．InChina,thenumberofcitiesisincreasing________developmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.•A.whereB.which•C.whoseD.that•答案与解析：Cwhose在此引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语，先行词为cities,whosedevelopment相当于thedevelopmentofthecities。•3．Thegirlarrangedtohavepianolessonsatthetrainingcentrewithhersister________shewouldstayforanhour.•A.whereB.who•C.whichD.what•答案与解析：A句意：这个女孩被安排与她姐姐一起在培训中心上钢琴课，在那儿她愿意待上一个小时。where引导限制性定语从句，修饰atthetrainingcentre。•4．I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool________ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.•A.whoB.where•C.whenD.which•答案与解析：Awho引导定语从句，修饰先行词students。句意：我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。•5．—CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?•—Youshouldtrythebarber's________Igo.It'sonly15.•A.asB.which•C.whereD.that•答案与解析：Cwhere引导限制性定语从句并在从句中充当地点状语，定语从句修饰先行词thebarber's，即我去的那个理发店。•6．Childrenwhoarenotactiveor________dietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.•A.whatB.whose•C.whichD.that•答案与解析：Bwhose引导定语从句，和前面的who引导的定语从句并列，共同修饰先行词children，并且whose在从句中作定语，修饰diet。•7．That'sthenewmachine________partsaretoosmalltobeseen.•A.thatB.which•C.whoseD.what•答案与解析：C代替指物的先行词thenewmachine，且在从句中作定语，所以用whose。句意：那是台新机器，它的零件小得都看不到。•8．StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet________lifehasdevelopedgradually.•A.thatB.where•C.whichD.whose•答案与解析：B句意：StephenHawking认为地球不可能是唯一的有生命逐渐形成的星球。这是一个由where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词planet，从句中缺少地点状语，根据句意，选B项。•11．Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething________wassomeoneelse'sfault.•A.whoB.that•C.asD.what•答案与解析：B“thatwassomeoneelse'sfault”是定语从句，修饰先行词something,that在从句中作主语。